图像压缩到256

SegFormer/demo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+"""
+SegFormer-B0 最小化Demo
+用于快速上手图像语义分割
+"""
+
+import os
+import torch
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from transformers import SegformerImageProcessor, SegformerForSemanticSegmentation
+
+
+class SegFormerDemo:
+    def __init__(self, model_name="nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512"):
+        """
+        初始化SegFormer-B0模型
+
+        Args:
+            model_name: 预训练模型名称
+                - "nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512" (ADE20K数据集，150类)
+                - "nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-cityscapes-1024-1024" (城市街景)
+        """
+        print(f"加载SegFormer模型: {model_name}")
+        self.device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+        print(f"使用设备: {self.device}")
+
+        # 加载处理器和模型
+        self.processor = SegformerImageProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name)
+        self.model = SegformerForSemanticSegmentation.from_pretrained(model_name)
+        self.model.to(self.device)
+        self.model.eval()
+
+        # ADE20K数据集的类别数
+        self.num_classes = self.model.config.num_labels
+        print(f"模型加载完成! 支持 {self.num_classes} 个类别")
+
+    def segment_image(self, image_path):
+        """
+        对图像进行语义分割
+
+        Args:
+            image_path: 图像路径
+
+        Returns:
+            pred_seg: 分割结果 (H, W) 每个像素的类别ID
+            original_image: 原始图像
+        """
+        # 读取图像
+        image = Image.open(image_path).convert("RGB")
+
+        # 预处理
+        inputs = self.processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt")
+        inputs = {k: v.to(self.device) for k, v in inputs.items()}
+
+        # 推理
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            outputs = self.model(**inputs)
+            logits = outputs.logits
+
+        # 上采样到原始尺寸
+        upsampled_logits = torch.nn.functional.interpolate(
+            logits,
+            size=image.size[::-1],  # (height, width)
+            mode="bilinear",
+            align_corners=False
+        )
+
+        # 获取每个像素的类别
+        pred_seg = upsampled_logits.argmax(dim=1)[0].cpu().numpy()
+
+        return pred_seg, np.array(image)
+
+    def visualize_segmentation(self, image, pred_seg, save_path=None):
+        """
+        可视化分割结果
+
+        Args:
+            image: 原始图像 (H, W, 3)
+            pred_seg: 分割结果 (H, W)
+            save_path: 保存路径
+        """
+        fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 5))
+
+        # 原始图像
+        axes[0].imshow(image)
+        axes[0].set_title("Original Image")
+        axes[0].axis("off")
+
+        # 分割mask（彩色）
+        axes[1].imshow(pred_seg, cmap='tab20b')
+        axes[1].set_title("Segmentation Mask")
+        axes[1].axis("off")
+
+        # 叠加显示
+        axes[2].imshow(image)
+        axes[2].imshow(pred_seg, alpha=0.5, cmap='tab20b')
+        axes[2].set_title("Overlay")
+        axes[2].axis("off")
+
+        plt.tight_layout()
+
+        if save_path:
+            plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
+            print(f"结果已保存到: {save_path}")
+
+        plt.show()
+
+    def extract_object_mask(self, pred_seg, target_classes):
+        """
+        提取特定类别的mask
+
+        Args:
+            pred_seg: 分割结果 (H, W)
+            target_classes: 目标类别ID列表
+
+        Returns:
+            mask: 二值mask (H, W)
+        """
+        mask = np.isin(pred_seg, target_classes)
+        return mask.astype(np.uint8) * 255
+
+    def extract_food_region(self, image, pred_seg):
+        """
+        提取食物区域（基于ADE20K数据集）
+
+        ADE20K中食物相关类别（部分）:
+        - 53: food, 54: table, 55: chair, 56: car, 57: person
+        - 116: plate, 117: banana, 118: apple, 119: sandwich, 120: orange
+
+        Args:
+            image: 原始图像 (H, W, 3)
+            pred_seg: 分割结果 (H, W)
+
+        Returns:
+            food_image: 提取的食物区域图像
+            food_mask: 食物区域mask
+        """
+        # 食物相关类别（需要根据实际情况调整）
+        food_classes = [53, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123]
+
+        # 提取mask
+        food_mask = self.extract_object_mask(pred_seg, food_classes)
+
+        # 应用mask
+        food_image = image.copy()
+        food_image[food_mask == 0] = 255  # 白色背景
+
+        return food_image, food_mask
+
+
+def main():
+    """
+    主函数：演示SegFormer-B0的基本用法
+    """
+    print("=" * 50)
+    print("SegFormer-B0 快速上手Demo")
+    print("=" * 50)
+
+    # 1. 创建Demo实例
+    demo = SegFormerDemo()
+
+    # 2. 测试图像路径（请替换为您的图像路径）
+    test_image = "test_food3.jpg"
+
+    # 如果没有测试图像，创建一个示例
+    if not os.path.exists(test_image):
+        print(f"\n警告: 未找到测试图像 '{test_image}'")
+        print("请将您的食物图片重命名为 'test_food.jpg' 或修改代码中的路径")
+        print("\n提示: 您可以从以下位置获取测试图像:")
+        print("  - dataset目录中的训练图像")
+        print("  - 任何食物图片")
+        return
+
+    # 3. 进行分割
+    print(f"\n正在处理图像: {test_image}")
+    pred_seg, original_image = demo.segment_image(test_image)
+
+    # 4. 显示统计信息
+    unique_classes = np.unique(pred_seg)
+    print(f"\n检测到的类别数: {len(unique_classes)}")
+    print(f"类别ID: {unique_classes[:20]}...")  # 显示前20个
+
+    # 5. 可视化结果
+    print("\n可视化分割结果...")
+    demo.visualize_segmentation(
+        original_image,
+        pred_seg,
+        save_path="segmentation_result.png"
+    )
+
+    # 6. 提取食物区域
+    print("\n提取食物区域...")
+    food_image, food_mask = demo.extract_food_region(original_image, pred_seg)
+
+    # 可视化食物区域
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(15, 5))
+    axes[0].imshow(original_image)
+    axes[0].set_title("Original")
+    axes[0].axis("off")
+
+    axes[1].imshow(food_mask, cmap='gray')
+    axes[1].set_title("Food Mask")
+    axes[1].axis("off")
+
+    axes[2].imshow(food_image)
+    axes[2].set_title("Extracted Food Region")
+    axes[2].axis("off")
+
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    plt.savefig("food_extraction_result.png", dpi=150)
+    print("食物提取结果已保存到: food_extraction_result.png")
+    plt.show()
+
+    print("\n" + "=" * 50)
+    print("Demo运行完成!")
+    print("=" * 50)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

SegFormer/inference/test_model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+"""
+模型推理测试脚本
+
+功能说明：
+1. 加载训练好的SegFormer模型
+2. 对单张图像进行分割预测
+3. 可视化分割结果
+4. 批量测试并计算指标
+
+使用场景：
+- 测试Fine-tune后的模型效果
+- 对比预训练模型和Fine-tune模型
+- 实际应用场景的推理
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import torch
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, Union
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from transformers import SegformerForSemanticSegmentation, SegformerImageProcessor
+import albumentations as A
+from albumentations.pytorch import ToTensorV2
+
+# 设置matplotlib中文字体
+plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Arial Unicode MS']  # 用来正常显示中文标签
+plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 用来正常显示负号
+
+# 添加父目录到路径
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent / "training"))
+from config import TrainConfig
+
+
+class SegFormerInference:
+    """SegFormer推理类"""
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        model_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        pretrained_model: str = "nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512",
+        num_classes: int = 2,
+        image_size: int = 256,  # ⚠️ 重要：必须与训练时一致！
+        device: str = "auto"
+    ):
+        """
+        初始化推理类
+        
+        Args:
+            model_path: Fine-tune后的模型路径（.pt文件）
+                       如果为None，则使用预训练模型
+            pretrained_model: 预训练模型名称（用于加载processor）
+            num_classes: 类别数
+            image_size: 输入图像尺寸（必须与训练时一致！）
+            device: 设备 ('cpu', 'cuda', 'auto')
+        """
+        self.num_classes = num_classes
+        self.image_size = image_size
+        
+        # 设置设备
+        if device == "auto":
+            self.device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+        else:
+            self.device = torch.device(device)
+        
+        print(f"使用设备: {self.device}")
+        
+        # ⚠️ 重要：使用与训练时完全一致的预处理
+        # 不再使用 SegformerImageProcessor，而是手动构建预处理pipeline
+        print(f"构建预处理Pipeline（与训练时一致）")
+        print(f"  图像尺寸: {image_size}×{image_size}")
+        print(f"  归一化: ImageNet标准（mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]）")
+        
+        self.transform = A.Compose([
+            A.Resize(image_size, image_size),  # ⚠️ 关键：必须resize到训练时的尺寸
+            A.Normalize(
+                mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],  # ImageNet标准均值
+                std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225],   # ImageNet标准标准差
+            ),
+            ToTensorV2(),
+        ])
+        
+        # 加载模型
+        if model_path:
+            print(f"加载Fine-tune模型: {model_path}")
+            self.model = self._load_finetuned_model(model_path)
+        else:
+            print(f"加载预训练模型: {pretrained_model}")
+            self.model = SegformerForSemanticSegmentation.from_pretrained(
+                pretrained_model,
+                num_labels=num_classes
+            )
+        
+        self.model.to(self.device)
+        self.model.eval()
+        
+        print("✓ 模型加载完成")
+    
+    def _load_finetuned_model(self, checkpoint_path: str):
+        """
+        加载Fine-tune后的模型
+        
+        Args:
+            checkpoint_path: checkpoint文件路径
+        
+        Returns:
+            model: 加载权重后的模型
+        """
+        from transformers import SegformerConfig
+        
+        # 加载checkpoint
+        checkpoint = torch.load(checkpoint_path, map_location=self.device, weights_only=False)
+        
+        # 从checkpoint中获取配置
+        if 'config' in checkpoint:
+            config_dict = checkpoint['config']
+            pretrained_model = config_dict.get('pretrained_model', 'nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512')
+        else:
+            pretrained_model = 'nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512'
+        
+        # 创建模型配置（不加载预训练权重）
+        config = SegformerConfig.from_pretrained(pretrained_model)
+        config.num_labels = self.num_classes
+        
+        # 用配置创建空模型
+        model = SegformerForSemanticSegmentation(config)
+        
+        # 加载你训练好的权重
+        model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model_state_dict'])
+        
+        # 打印训练信息
+        print(f"  ✓ 模型权重加载成功")
+        if 'epoch' in checkpoint:
+            print(f"  训练轮数: {checkpoint['epoch']}")
+        if 'metrics' in checkpoint:
+            metrics = checkpoint['metrics']
+            if 'miou' in metrics:
+                print(f"  mIoU: {metrics['miou']:.4f}")
+            if 'pixel_accuracy' in metrics:
+                print(f"  像素准确率: {metrics['pixel_accuracy']:.4f}")
+        
+        return model
+    
+    @torch.no_grad()
+    def predict(self, image: Union[str, Image.Image, np.ndarray]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        对单张图像进行预测
+        
+        Args:
+            image: 输入图像
+                - str: 图像文件路径
+                - PIL.Image: PIL图像对象
+                - np.ndarray: numpy数组 (H, W, 3)
+        
+        Returns:
+            pred_mask: 预测的分割mask (H, W)，像素值为类别ID
+        """
+        # 1. 读取图像并保存原始尺寸
+        if isinstance(image, str):
+            image = Image.open(image).convert('RGB')
+            original_size = image.size  # (W, H)
+            image = np.array(image)
+        elif isinstance(image, np.ndarray):
+            original_size = (image.shape[1], image.shape[0])  # (W, H)
+        else:  # PIL.Image
+            original_size = image.size  # (W, H)
+            image = np.array(image)
+        
+        # 2. 应用与训练时一致的预处理
+        # ⚠️ 关键：使用ImageNet标准归一化，与训练时完全一致
+        transformed = self.transform(image=image)
+        image_tensor = transformed['image']  # (3, H, W)
+        
+        # 3. 添加batch维度
+        image_tensor = image_tensor.unsqueeze(0).to(self.device)  # (1, 3, H, W)
+        
+        # 4. 模型推理
+        outputs = self.model(pixel_values=image_tensor)
+        logits = outputs.logits  # (1, num_classes, H/4, W/4)
+        
+        # 5. 上采样到原始尺寸
+        logits = F.interpolate(
+            logits,
+            size=(original_size[1], original_size[0]),  # (H, W)
+            mode='bilinear',
+            align_corners=False
+        )
+        
+        # 6. 获取预测类别
+        pred_mask = logits.argmax(dim=1)[0].cpu().numpy()
+        
+        return pred_mask
+    
+    def visualize_prediction(
+        self,
+        image_path: str,
+        pred_mask: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
+        save_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        class_names: list = None
+    ):
+        """
+        可视化预测结果
+        
+        Args:
+            image_path: 原始图像路径
+            pred_mask: 预测mask（如果为None，则重新预测）
+            save_path: 保存路径
+            class_names: 类别名称列表
+        """
+        # 读取原始图像
+        image = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
+        image_np = np.array(image)
+        
+        # 预测
+        if pred_mask is None:
+            pred_mask = self.predict(image)
+        
+        # 默认类别名称
+        if class_names is None:
+            class_names = ['背景', '食物']
+        
+        # 创建可视化
+        fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(18, 6))
+        
+        # 1. 原始图像
+        axes[0].imshow(image_np)
+        axes[0].set_title('原始图像', fontsize=14)
+        axes[0].axis('off')
+        
+        # 2. 预测mask（彩色）
+        axes[1].imshow(pred_mask, cmap='tab20', vmin=0, vmax=self.num_classes-1)
+        axes[1].set_title('预测Mask', fontsize=14)
+        axes[1].axis('off')
+        
+        # 3. 叠加显示
+        # 创建彩色mask
+        colored_mask = np.zeros_like(image_np)
+        colors = [
+            [0, 0, 0],       # 背景：黑色
+            [255, 0, 0],     # 食物：红色
+        ]
+        for class_id in range(self.num_classes):
+            colored_mask[pred_mask == class_id] = colors[class_id]
+        
+        # 叠加
+        alpha = 0.5
+        overlay = (image_np * (1 - alpha) + colored_mask * alpha).astype(np.uint8)
+        axes[2].imshow(overlay)
+        axes[2].set_title('叠加显示（红色=食物）', fontsize=14)
+        axes[2].axis('off')
+        
+        # 添加统计信息
+        total_pixels = pred_mask.size
+        food_pixels = np.sum(pred_mask == 1)
+        food_ratio = food_pixels / total_pixels * 100
+        
+        plt.suptitle(
+            f'分割结果 | 食物区域: {food_ratio:.1f}%',
+            fontsize=16,
+            y=0.98
+        )
+        
+        plt.tight_layout()
+        
+        if save_path:
+            plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
+            print(f"✓ 结果已保存: {save_path}")
+        
+        plt.show()
+    
+    def extract_food_region(
+        self,
+        image_path: str,
+        pred_mask: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
+        save_path: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        提取食物区域（去除背景）
+        
+        Args:
+            image_path: 原始图像路径
+            pred_mask: 预测mask（如果为None，则重新预测）
+            save_path: 保存路径
+        
+        Returns:
+            food_region: 提取的食物区域图像（背景为白色）
+        """
+        # 读取图像
+        image = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
+        image_np = np.array(image)
+        
+        # 预测
+        if pred_mask is None:
+            pred_mask = self.predict(image)
+        
+        # 创建二值mask
+        food_mask = (pred_mask == 1)
+        
+        # 提取食物区域（白色背景）
+        food_region = image_np.copy()
+        food_region[~food_mask] = 255
+        
+        # 保存
+        if save_path:
+            Image.fromarray(food_region).save(save_path)
+            print(f"✓ 食物区域已保存: {save_path}")
+        
+        return food_region
+    
+    def batch_test(
+        self,
+        image_dir: str,
+        output_dir: str,
+        max_images: int = 10
+    ):
+        """
+        批量测试图像
+        
+        Args:
+            image_dir: 图像目录
+            output_dir: 输出目录
+            max_images: 最大测试图像数
+        """
+        image_dir = Path(image_dir)
+        output_dir = Path(output_dir)
+        output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # 获取所有图像文件
+        image_files = []
+        for ext in ['*.jpg', '*.jpeg', '*.png']:
+            image_files.extend(list(image_dir.glob(ext)))
+        
+        image_files = sorted(image_files)[:max_images]
+        
+        print(f"\n开始批量测试: {len(image_files)} 张图像")
+        print("="*60)
+        
+        for idx, image_path in enumerate(image_files, 1):
+            print(f"[{idx}/{len(image_files)}] {image_path.name}")
+            
+            # 预测
+            pred_mask = self.predict(str(image_path))
+            
+            # 可视化
+            save_path = output_dir / f"{image_path.stem}_result.png"
+            self.visualize_prediction(
+                str(image_path),
+                pred_mask=pred_mask,
+                save_path=str(save_path)
+            )
+        
+        print("="*60)
+        print(f"✓ 批量测试完成! 结果保存在: {output_dir}")
+
+
+def compare_models(
+    image_path: str,
+    finetuned_model_path: str,
+    pretrained_model: str = "nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512"
+):
+    """
+    对比预训练模型和Fine-tune模型的效果
+    
+    Args:
+        image_path: 测试图像路径
+        finetuned_model_path: Fine-tune模型路径
+        pretrained_model: 预训练模型名称
+    """
+    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    print("模型对比测试")
+    print("="*60)
+    
+    # 加载预训练模型
+    print("\n加载预训练模型...")
+    pretrained_inference = SegFormerInference(
+        model_path=None,
+        pretrained_model=pretrained_model,
+        num_classes=150,  # ADE20K的类别数
+        image_size=256  # 与Fine-tune模型保持一致
+    )
+    
+    # 加载Fine-tune模型
+    print("\n加载Fine-tune模型...")
+    finetuned_inference = SegFormerInference(
+        model_path=finetuned_model_path,
+        pretrained_model=pretrained_model,
+        num_classes=2,
+        image_size=256  # ⚠️ 必须与训练时一致
+    )
+    
+    # 读取图像
+    image = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
+    image_np = np.array(image)
+    
+    # 预测
+    print("\n执行预测...")
+    pretrained_mask = pretrained_inference.predict(image)
+    finetuned_mask = finetuned_inference.predict(image)
+    
+    # 可视化对比
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 3, figsize=(18, 12))
+    
+    # 预训练模型结果
+    axes[0, 0].imshow(image_np)
+    axes[0, 0].set_title('原始图像 (预训练模型)', fontsize=12)
+    axes[0, 0].axis('off')
+    
+    axes[0, 1].imshow(pretrained_mask, cmap='tab20b')
+    axes[0, 1].set_title('预训练模型预测\n(ADE20K, 150类)', fontsize=12)
+    axes[0, 1].axis('off')
+    
+    axes[0, 2].imshow(image_np)
+    axes[0, 2].imshow(pretrained_mask, alpha=0.5, cmap='tab20b')
+    axes[0, 2].set_title('预训练模型叠加', fontsize=12)
+    axes[0, 2].axis('off')
+    
+    # Fine-tune模型结果
+    axes[1, 0].imshow(image_np)
+    axes[1, 0].set_title('原始图像 (Fine-tune模型)', fontsize=12)
+    axes[1, 0].axis('off')
+    
+    axes[1, 1].imshow(finetuned_mask, cmap='gray', vmin=0, vmax=1)
+    axes[1, 1].set_title('Fine-tune模型预测\n(食物分割, 2类)', fontsize=12)
+    axes[1, 1].axis('off')
+    
+    # Fine-tune叠加
+    overlay = image_np.copy().astype(float)
+    red_mask = np.zeros_like(overlay)
+    red_mask[finetuned_mask == 1] = [255, 0, 0]
+    overlay = (overlay * 0.6 + red_mask * 0.4).astype(np.uint8)
+    axes[1, 2].imshow(overlay)
+    axes[1, 2].set_title('Fine-tune模型叠加\n(红色=食物)', fontsize=12)
+    axes[1, 2].axis('off')
+    
+    plt.suptitle('模型对比：预训练 vs Fine-tune', fontsize=16, y=0.98)
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    
+    save_path = "model_comparison.png"
+    plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=150, bbox_inches='tight')
+    print(f"\n✓ 对比结果已保存: {save_path}")
+    plt.show()
+
+
+def main():
+    """
+    主函数：演示推理用法
+    """
+    print("="*60)
+    print("SegFormer模型推理测试")
+    print("="*60)
+    
+    # ==================== 配置区 ====================
+    # TODO: 根据实际情况修改以下配置
+    
+    # Fine-tune模型路径（训练完成后的checkpoint）
+    FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/outputs/best_model.pt"
+    
+    # 测试图像路径
+    TEST_IMAGE_PATH = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/test_food4.jpg"
+    
+    # 批量测试目录
+    TEST_IMAGE_DIR = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/data/segformer_format/images/val"
+    OUTPUT_DIR = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/inference_results"
+    
+    # ===============================================
+    
+    # 检查模型文件是否存在
+    if not os.path.exists(FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH):
+        print(f"\n⚠️  Fine-tune模型不存在: {FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH}")
+        print(f"\n请先运行训练脚本:")
+        print(f"  python training/train_minimal.py")
+        print(f"\n现在将使用预训练模型进行测试...")
+        FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH = None
+    
+    # 创建推理实例
+    inference = SegFormerInference(
+        model_path=FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH,
+        num_classes=2,
+        image_size=256  # ⚠️ 必须与训练时一致（见config.py第272行）
+    )
+    
+    # 单张图像测试
+    if os.path.exists(TEST_IMAGE_PATH):
+        print(f"\n测试图像: {TEST_IMAGE_PATH}")
+        inference.visualize_prediction(
+            TEST_IMAGE_PATH,
+            save_path="test_result.png"
+        )
+        
+        # 提取食物区域
+        inference.extract_food_region(
+            TEST_IMAGE_PATH,
+            save_path="food_region.png"
+        )
+    else:
+        print(f"\n⚠️  测试图像不存在: {TEST_IMAGE_PATH}")
+    
+    # 批量测试
+    if os.path.exists(TEST_IMAGE_DIR):
+        print(f"\n批量测试目录: {TEST_IMAGE_DIR}")
+        inference.batch_test(
+            image_dir=TEST_IMAGE_DIR,
+            output_dir=OUTPUT_DIR,
+            max_images=5
+        )
+    
+    # 模型对比（如果有Fine-tune模型）
+    if FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH and os.path.exists(FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH) and os.path.exists(TEST_IMAGE_PATH):
+        print(f"\n执行模型对比...")
+        compare_models(
+            image_path=TEST_IMAGE_PATH,
+            finetuned_model_path=FINETUNED_MODEL_PATH
+        )
+    
+    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    print("✓ 测试完成!")
+    print("="*60)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

SegFormer/scripts/1_convert_coco_to_segformer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+"""
+COCO格式数据转换为SegFormer训练格式
+
+功能说明：
+1. 读取CVAT导出的COCO格式标注文件
+2. 将polygon标注转换为像素级mask（PNG图像）
+3. 生成训练集和验证集的划分
+4. 输出符合SegFormer训练要求的目录结构
+
+输出目录结构：
+data/segformer_format/
+├── images/
+│   ├── train/
+│   │   ├── img1.jpg
+│   │   └── img2.jpg
+│   └── val/
+│       └── img3.jpg
+└── annotations/
+    ├── train/
+    │   ├── img1.png  # 像素值：0=背景, 1=食物区域
+    │   └── img2.png
+    └── val/
+        └── img3.png
+"""
+
+import os
+import json
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List, Dict, Tuple
+import shutil
+
+
+class COCOToSegFormerConverter:
+    """COCO格式到SegFormer格式的转换器"""
+    
+    def __init__(self, coco_json_path: str, coco_images_dir: str, output_dir: str):
+        """
+        初始化转换器
+        
+        Args:
+            coco_json_path: COCO标注JSON文件路径（例如：instances_default.json）
+            coco_images_dir: COCO图像所在目录
+            output_dir: 输出目录（将创建segformer_format文件夹）
+        """
+        self.coco_json_path = coco_json_path
+        self.coco_images_dir = coco_images_dir
+        self.output_dir = Path(output_dir)
+        
+        # 加载COCO标注
+        print(f"加载COCO标注文件: {coco_json_path}")
+        with open(coco_json_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            self.coco_data = json.load(f)
+        
+        print(f"✓ 图像数量: {len(self.coco_data['images'])}")
+        print(f"✓ 标注数量: {len(self.coco_data['annotations'])}")
+        print(f"✓ 类别数量: {len(self.coco_data['categories'])}")
+        
+        # 创建输出目录结构
+        self._create_output_dirs()
+        
+    def _create_output_dirs(self):
+        """创建输出目录结构"""
+        dirs = [
+            self.output_dir / "images" / "train",
+            self.output_dir / "images" / "val",
+            self.output_dir / "annotations" / "train",
+            self.output_dir / "annotations" / "val",
+        ]
+        for d in dirs:
+            d.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        print(f"✓ 输出目录创建完成: {self.output_dir}")
+    
+    def _polygon_to_mask(self, segmentation: List, image_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        将COCO的polygon格式转换为像素级mask
+        
+        Args:
+            segmentation: COCO的segmentation字段（polygon列表）
+            image_size: 图像尺寸 (width, height)
+        
+        Returns:
+            mask: 二值mask数组 (H, W)，1表示目标区域，0表示背景
+        """
+        width, height = image_size
+        mask = Image.new('L', (width, height), 0)  # 黑色背景
+        
+        # COCO的segmentation可能包含多个polygon（例如：一个物体被遮挡分成多个部分）
+        for polygon in segmentation:
+            # polygon格式: [x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, ...]
+            # 转换为坐标点列表: [(x1,y1), (x2,y2), ...]
+            points = [(polygon[i], polygon[i+1]) for i in range(0, len(polygon), 2)]
+            
+            # 在mask上绘制填充的多边形
+            ImageDraw.Draw(mask).polygon(points, outline=1, fill=1)
+        
+        return np.array(mask)
+    
+    def _rle_to_mask(self, rle: Dict, image_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        将COCO的RLE (Run-Length Encoding) 格式转换为像素级mask
+        
+        RLE格式说明：
+        - counts: [v1, v2, v3, ...] 交替表示背景和前景的像素数量
+        - 从背景(0)开始，然后是前景(1)，再是背景(0)，依此类推
+        - 像素顺序：从左到右，从上到下（行优先）
+        
+        Args:
+            rle: COCO的RLE字典，格式为 {"counts": [n1, n2, ...], "size": [height, width]}
+            image_size: 图像尺寸 (width, height)
+        
+        Returns:
+            mask: 二值mask数组 (H, W)，1表示目标区域，0表示背景
+        """
+        width, height = image_size
+        
+        # 获取RLE的counts
+        if 'counts' in rle:
+            counts = rle['counts']
+        else:
+            print(f"    ⚠️  警告: RLE格式不包含counts字段")
+            return np.zeros((height, width), dtype=np.uint8)
+        
+        # 创建一维数组
+        mask = np.zeros(height * width, dtype=np.uint8)
+        
+        current_pos = 0
+        current_value = 0  # 从背景开始
+        
+        for count in counts:
+            # 如果当前是前景(1)，填充mask
+            if current_value == 1:
+                mask[current_pos:current_pos + count] = 1
+            
+            # 移动位置
+            current_pos += count
+            
+            # 切换值（0 -> 1 -> 0 -> 1 ...）
+            current_value = 1 - current_value
+        
+        # 重塑为2D数组 (H, W)
+        mask = mask.reshape((height, width))
+        
+        return mask
+    
+    def _merge_annotations(self, image_id: int, image_size: Tuple[int, int]) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        合并一张图像的所有标注为单一mask
+        
+        由于用户标注时所有食材区域都是同一类别，我们需要将同一图像的多个标注合并
+        支持两种格式：
+        1. Polygon格式: segmentation 是列表的列表
+        2. RLE格式: segmentation 是包含 'counts' 字段的字典
+        
+        Args:
+            image_id: COCO图像ID
+            image_size: 图像尺寸 (width, height)
+        
+        Returns:
+            merged_mask: 合并后的mask (H, W)
+                        像素值: 0=背景（未标注区域）, 1=食物区域
+        """
+        width, height = image_size
+        merged_mask = np.zeros((height, width), dtype=np.uint8)
+        
+        # 找到该图像的所有标注
+        annotations = [ann for ann in self.coco_data['annotations'] 
+                      if ann['image_id'] == image_id]
+        
+        # 将所有标注合并到同一个mask
+        for ann in annotations:
+            if 'segmentation' not in ann:
+                continue
+            
+            segmentation = ann['segmentation']
+            
+            # 判断是RLE格式还是Polygon格式
+            if isinstance(segmentation, dict) and 'counts' in segmentation:
+                # RLE格式
+                obj_mask = self._rle_to_mask(segmentation, image_size)
+            elif isinstance(segmentation, list) and len(segmentation) > 0:
+                # Polygon格式
+                obj_mask = self._polygon_to_mask(segmentation, image_size)
+            else:
+                print(f"    ⚠️  警告: 未知的segmentation格式: {type(segmentation)}")
+                continue
+            
+            # 合并到总mask（取并集）
+            merged_mask = np.maximum(merged_mask, obj_mask)
+        
+        return merged_mask
+    
+    def convert(self, train_ratio: float = 0.8, random_seed: int = 42):
+        """
+        执行转换流程
+        
+        Args:
+            train_ratio: 训练集占比（0.8表示80%训练，20%验证）
+            random_seed: 随机种子，确保每次划分一致
+        """
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("开始转换数据集")
+        print("="*60)
+        
+        # 创建图像ID到文件名的映射
+        id_to_image = {img['id']: img for img in self.coco_data['images']}
+        
+        # 随机划分训练集和验证集
+        np.random.seed(random_seed)
+        image_ids = list(id_to_image.keys())
+        np.random.shuffle(image_ids)
+        
+        split_idx = int(len(image_ids) * train_ratio)
+        train_ids = image_ids[:split_idx]
+        val_ids = image_ids[split_idx:]
+        
+        print(f"\n数据集划分:")
+        print(f"  训练集: {len(train_ids)} 张图像")
+        print(f"  验证集: {len(val_ids)} 张图像")
+        
+        # 处理训练集
+        print(f"\n处理训练集...")
+        self._process_split(train_ids, id_to_image, split='train')
+        
+        # 处理验证集
+        print(f"\n处理验证集...")
+        self._process_split(val_ids, id_to_image, split='val')
+        
+        # 保存数据集统计信息
+        self._save_dataset_info(train_ids, val_ids)
+        
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("✓ 数据集转换完成!")
+        print("="*60)
+        print(f"\n输出目录: {self.output_dir}")
+        print("\n下一步: 运行 2_visualize_data.py 查看转换结果")
+    
+    def _process_split(self, image_ids: List[int], id_to_image: Dict, split: str):
+        """
+        处理训练集或验证集
+        
+        Args:
+            image_ids: 图像ID列表
+            id_to_image: ID到图像信息的映射
+            split: 'train' 或 'val'
+        """
+        for idx, img_id in enumerate(image_ids, 1):
+            img_info = id_to_image[img_id]
+            file_name = img_info['file_name']
+            width = img_info['width']
+            height = img_info['height']
+            
+            print(f"  [{idx}/{len(image_ids)}] {file_name}")
+            
+            # 1. 复制图像到目标目录
+            src_image_path = Path(self.coco_images_dir) / file_name
+            dst_image_path = self.output_dir / "images" / split / file_name
+            
+            if not src_image_path.exists():
+                print(f"    ⚠️  警告: 图像文件不存在 {src_image_path}")
+                continue
+            
+            shutil.copy2(src_image_path, dst_image_path)
+            
+            # 2. 生成mask并保存为PNG
+            mask = self._merge_annotations(img_id, (width, height))
+            
+            # 保存mask（像素值即为类别ID：0=背景, 1=食物）
+            mask_filename = Path(file_name).stem + '.png'  # 改为.png扩展名
+            mask_path = self.output_dir / "annotations" / split / mask_filename
+            
+            # 使用PIL保存，确保像素值不被压缩
+            Image.fromarray(mask, mode='L').save(mask_path)
+            
+            # 统计信息
+            food_pixels = np.sum(mask == 1)
+            total_pixels = mask.size
+            food_ratio = food_pixels / total_pixels * 100
+            print(f"    ✓ 食物区域占比: {food_ratio:.1f}%")
+    
+    def _save_dataset_info(self, train_ids: List[int], val_ids: List[int]):
+        """保存数据集统计信息"""
+        info = {
+            "dataset_name": "Food Segmentation Dataset",
+            "num_classes": 2,  # 背景 + 食物
+            "class_names": ["background", "food"],
+            "train_size": len(train_ids),
+            "val_size": len(val_ids),
+            "total_size": len(train_ids) + len(val_ids),
+            "image_format": "jpg/png",
+            "annotation_format": "png (pixel value = class id)",
+        }
+        
+        info_path = self.output_dir / "dataset_info.json"
+        with open(info_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            json.dump(info, f, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+        
+        print(f"\n✓ 数据集信息已保存: {info_path}")
+
+
+def main():
+    """
+    主函数：配置路径并执行转换
+    
+    使用前请修改以下路径：
+    1. COCO_JSON_PATH: CVAT导出的JSON文件路径
+    2. COCO_IMAGES_DIR: CVAT导出的图像目录
+    3. OUTPUT_DIR: 输出目录（将创建segformer_format文件夹）
+    """
+    
+    # ==================== 配置区 ====================
+    # 请根据您的实际路径修改以下三个变量
+    
+    # CVAT导出的COCO标注文件（通常名为instances_default.json）
+    COCO_JSON_PATH = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/data/raw_coco/annotations/instances_default.json"
+    
+    # CVAT导出的图像目录
+    COCO_IMAGES_DIR = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/data/raw_coco/images"
+    
+    # 输出目录（将在此目录下创建segformer_format文件夹）
+    OUTPUT_DIR = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/data/segformer_format"
+    
+    # 训练集/验证集划分比例（0.8表示80%训练，20%验证）
+    TRAIN_RATIO = 0.8
+    
+    # 随机种子（保证每次运行划分结果一致）
+    RANDOM_SEED = 42
+    
+    # ===============================================
+    
+    print("COCO数据集转换工具")
+    print("目标格式: SegFormer训练格式\n")
+    
+    # 检查输入文件是否存在
+    if not os.path.exists(COCO_JSON_PATH):
+        print(f"❌ 错误: COCO标注文件不存在")
+        print(f"   路径: {COCO_JSON_PATH}")
+        print(f"\n请检查:")
+        print(f"  1. 是否已从CVAT导出COCO格式数据")
+        print(f"  2. 标注文件路径是否正确")
+        return
+    
+    if not os.path.exists(COCO_IMAGES_DIR):
+        print(f"❌ 错误: 图像目录不存在")
+        print(f"   路径: {COCO_IMAGES_DIR}")
+        return
+    
+    # 创建转换器并执行转换
+    converter = COCOToSegFormerConverter(
+        coco_json_path=COCO_JSON_PATH,
+        coco_images_dir=COCO_IMAGES_DIR,
+        output_dir=OUTPUT_DIR
+    )
+    
+    converter.convert(train_ratio=TRAIN_RATIO, random_seed=RANDOM_SEED)
+    
+    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    print("转换完成! 接下来的步骤:")
+    print("="*60)
+    print("1. 运行 2_visualize_data.py 检查转换结果")
+    print("2. 运行 3_train_minimal.py 开始训练")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

SegFormer/scripts/2_visualize_data.py

@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+"""
+数据集可视化工具
+
+功能说明：
+1. 可视化转换后的训练数据
+2. 检查图像和mask是否正确对齐
+3. 统计数据集的基本信息
+4. 帮助发现标注错误
+
+使用场景：
+- 转换完成后，首先运行此脚本检查数据质量
+- 训练前验证数据加载是否正确
+"""
+
+import os
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+from pathlib import Path
+import random
+
+# 设置matplotlib中文字体
+plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei', 'Microsoft YaHei', 'Arial Unicode MS']  # 用来正常显示中文标签
+plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 用来正常显示负号
+
+class DatasetVisualizer:
+    """数据集可视化工具"""
+    
+    def __init__(self, data_root: str):
+        """
+        初始化可视化工具
+        
+        Args:
+            data_root: 数据集根目录（包含images和annotations文件夹）
+        """
+        self.data_root = Path(data_root)
+        self.train_images_dir = self.data_root / "images" / "train"
+        self.train_masks_dir = self.data_root / "annotations" / "train"
+        self.val_images_dir = self.data_root / "images" / "val"
+        self.val_masks_dir = self.data_root / "annotations" / "val"
+        
+        # 检查目录是否存在
+        if not self.data_root.exists():
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"数据集目录不存在: {self.data_root}")
+        
+        print(f"✓ 数据集根目录: {self.data_root}")
+    
+    def get_dataset_stats(self):
+        """获取数据集统计信息"""
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("数据集统计信息")
+        print("="*60)
+        
+        # 统计图像数量
+        train_images = list(self.train_images_dir.glob("*.*"))
+        val_images = list(self.val_images_dir.glob("*.*"))
+        train_masks = list(self.train_masks_dir.glob("*.png"))
+        val_masks = list(self.val_masks_dir.glob("*.png"))
+        
+        print(f"\n训练集:")
+        print(f"  图像数量: {len(train_images)}")
+        print(f"  标注数量: {len(train_masks)}")
+        
+        print(f"\n验证集:")
+        print(f"  图像数量: {len(val_images)}")
+        print(f"  标注数量: {len(val_masks)}")
+        
+        print(f"\n总计:")
+        print(f"  图像总数: {len(train_images) + len(val_images)}")
+        print(f"  标注总数: {len(train_masks) + len(val_masks)}")
+        
+        # 统计mask中的类别分布
+        if len(train_masks) > 0:
+            print(f"\n正在分析mask内容...")
+            self._analyze_masks(train_masks[:3])  # 分析前3个mask
+        
+        return {
+            'train': len(train_images),
+            'val': len(val_images),
+            'train_masks': len(train_masks),
+            'val_masks': len(val_masks)
+        }
+    
+    def _analyze_masks(self, mask_paths: list):
+        """
+        分析mask的像素值分布
+        
+        Args:
+            mask_paths: mask文件路径列表
+        """
+        for mask_path in mask_paths:
+            mask = np.array(Image.open(mask_path))
+            unique_values = np.unique(mask)
+            
+            print(f"\n  文件: {mask_path.name}")
+            print(f"    尺寸: {mask.shape}")
+            print(f"    像素值: {unique_values}")
+            
+            # 统计每个类别的像素数
+            for val in unique_values:
+                count = np.sum(mask == val)
+                ratio = count / mask.size * 100
+                class_name = "背景" if val == 0 else "食物"
+                print(f"    {class_name}(类别{val}): {count}像素 ({ratio:.2f}%)")
+    
+    def visualize_samples(self, split='train', num_samples=4, random_selection=True):
+        """
+        可视化数据样本
+        
+        Args:
+            split: 'train' 或 'val'
+            num_samples: 要可视化的样本数量
+            random_selection: 是否随机选择样本
+        """
+        print(f"\n可视化{split}集样本...")
+        
+        # 获取图像和mask路径
+        if split == 'train':
+            images_dir = self.train_images_dir
+            masks_dir = self.train_masks_dir
+        else:
+            images_dir = self.val_images_dir
+            masks_dir = self.val_masks_dir
+        
+        # 获取所有图像文件
+        image_files = sorted(list(images_dir.glob("*.*")))
+        
+        if len(image_files) == 0:
+            print(f"  ⚠️  {split}集中没有图像文件")
+            return
+        
+        # 选择要可视化的样本
+        if random_selection and len(image_files) > num_samples:
+            selected_files = random.sample(image_files, num_samples)
+        else:
+            selected_files = image_files[:num_samples]
+        
+        # 创建画布
+        fig, axes = plt.subplots(num_samples, 3, figsize=(15, 5*num_samples))
+        if num_samples == 1:
+            axes = axes.reshape(1, -1)
+        
+        for idx, image_path in enumerate(selected_files):
+            # 读取图像
+            image = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
+            image_np = np.array(image)
+            
+            # 读取对应的mask
+            mask_filename = image_path.stem + '.png'
+            mask_path = masks_dir / mask_filename
+            
+            if not mask_path.exists():
+                print(f"  ⚠️  警告: 找不到mask文件 {mask_path.name}")
+                continue
+            
+            mask = np.array(Image.open(mask_path))
+            
+            # 显示原始图像
+            axes[idx, 0].imshow(image_np)
+            axes[idx, 0].set_title(f"原始图像\n{image_path.name}")
+            axes[idx, 0].axis('off')
+            
+            # 显示mask（使用不同颜色）
+            # 0=黑色(背景), 1=白色(食物)
+            axes[idx, 1].imshow(mask, cmap='gray', vmin=0, vmax=1)
+            axes[idx, 1].set_title(f"分割Mask\n背景=黑, 食物=白")
+            axes[idx, 1].axis('off')
+            
+            # 显示叠加效果
+            # 创建彩色mask用于叠加显示
+            colored_mask = np.zeros_like(image_np)
+            colored_mask[mask == 1] = [255, 0, 0]  # 食物区域显示为红色
+            
+            # 叠加显示
+            overlay = image_np.copy()
+            alpha = 0.4  # 透明度
+            overlay[mask == 1] = (
+                image_np[mask == 1] * (1 - alpha) + 
+                colored_mask[mask == 1] * alpha
+            ).astype(np.uint8)
+            
+            axes[idx, 2].imshow(overlay)
+            axes[idx, 2].set_title("叠加显示\n红色=食物区域")
+            axes[idx, 2].axis('off')
+            
+            # 打印统计信息
+            food_pixels = np.sum(mask == 1)
+            total_pixels = mask.size
+            food_ratio = food_pixels / total_pixels * 100
+            print(f"  [{idx+1}] {image_path.name} - 食物占比: {food_ratio:.1f}%")
+        
+        plt.tight_layout()
+        
+        # 保存可视化结果
+        save_path = self.data_root / f"visualization_{split}.png"
+        plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=120, bbox_inches='tight')
+        print(f"\n✓ 可视化结果已保存: {save_path}")
+        
+        plt.show()
+    
+    def check_data_integrity(self):
+        """
+        检查数据完整性
+        
+        检查项目：
+        1. 每张图像是否有对应的mask
+        2. 图像和mask的尺寸是否匹配
+        3. mask的像素值是否在有效范围内
+        """
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("数据完整性检查")
+        print("="*60)
+        
+        issues = []
+        
+        for split in ['train', 'val']:
+            print(f"\n检查{split}集...")
+            
+            if split == 'train':
+                images_dir = self.train_images_dir
+                masks_dir = self.train_masks_dir
+            else:
+                images_dir = self.val_images_dir
+                masks_dir = self.val_masks_dir
+            
+            image_files = list(images_dir.glob("*.*"))
+            
+            for image_path in image_files:
+                # 检查1: mask文件是否存在
+                mask_filename = image_path.stem + '.png'
+                mask_path = masks_dir / mask_filename
+                
+                if not mask_path.exists():
+                    issues.append(f"{split}/{image_path.name}: 缺少mask文件")
+                    continue
+                
+                # 检查2: 尺寸是否匹配
+                image = Image.open(image_path)
+                mask = Image.open(mask_path)
+                
+                if image.size != mask.size:
+                    issues.append(
+                        f"{split}/{image_path.name}: "
+                        f"尺寸不匹配 (图像:{image.size}, mask:{mask.size})"
+                    )
+                
+                # 检查3: mask像素值是否有效
+                mask_np = np.array(mask)
+                unique_values = np.unique(mask_np)
+                
+                # 有效值应该是0(背景)和1(食物)
+                invalid_values = [v for v in unique_values if v not in [0, 1]]
+                if invalid_values:
+                    issues.append(
+                        f"{split}/{image_path.name}: "
+                        f"mask包含无效像素值 {invalid_values}"
+                    )
+        
+        # 输出检查结果
+        if len(issues) == 0:
+            print("\n✓ 数据完整性检查通过! 未发现问题")
+        else:
+            print(f"\n⚠️  发现 {len(issues)} 个问题:")
+            for issue in issues:
+                print(f"  - {issue}")
+        
+        return len(issues) == 0
+    
+    def show_class_distribution(self):
+        """
+        显示类别分布统计
+        
+        统计整个数据集中背景和食物的像素占比
+        """
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("类别分布统计")
+        print("="*60)
+        
+        for split in ['train', 'val']:
+            print(f"\n{split}集:")
+            
+            if split == 'train':
+                masks_dir = self.train_masks_dir
+            else:
+                masks_dir = self.val_masks_dir
+            
+            mask_files = list(masks_dir.glob("*.png"))
+            
+            if len(mask_files) == 0:
+                print(f"  没有mask文件")
+                continue
+            
+            # 统计所有mask的像素分布
+            total_background = 0
+            total_food = 0
+            
+            for mask_path in mask_files:
+                mask = np.array(Image.open(mask_path))
+                total_background += np.sum(mask == 0)
+                total_food += np.sum(mask == 1)
+            
+            total_pixels = total_background + total_food
+            
+            print(f"  总像素数: {total_pixels:,}")
+            print(f"  背景像素: {total_background:,} ({total_background/total_pixels*100:.2f}%)")
+            print(f"  食物像素: {total_food:,} ({total_food/total_pixels*100:.2f}%)")
+            print(f"  类别平衡度: {min(total_background, total_food) / max(total_background, total_food):.3f}")
+            
+            # 绘制饼图
+            fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
+            ax.pie(
+                [total_background, total_food],
+                labels=['背景', '食物'],
+                autopct='%1.1f%%',
+                colors=['#808080', '#FF6B6B'],
+                startangle=90
+            )
+            ax.set_title(f'{split}集 - 类别分布')
+            
+            save_path = self.data_root / f"class_distribution_{split}.png"
+            plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=120, bbox_inches='tight')
+            print(f"  ✓ 分布图已保存: {save_path}")
+            plt.close()
+
+
+def main():
+    """
+    主函数：运行所有可视化和检查
+    """
+    
+    # ==================== 配置区 ====================
+    # TODO: 修改为您的数据集路径
+    DATA_ROOT = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/data/segformer_format"
+    
+    # 可视化参数
+    NUM_SAMPLES = 3  # 每个集合显示的样本数
+    RANDOM_SELECTION = False  # True=随机选择, False=顺序选择前N个
+    # ===============================================
+    
+    print("="*60)
+    print("数据集可视化工具")
+    print("="*60)
+    
+    # 检查数据集路径
+    if not os.path.exists(DATA_ROOT):
+        print(f"\n❌ 错误: 数据集目录不存在")
+        print(f"   路径: {DATA_ROOT}")
+        print(f"\n请先运行 1_convert_coco_to_segformer.py 转换数据集")
+        return
+    
+    # 创建可视化工具
+    visualizer = DatasetVisualizer(DATA_ROOT)
+    
+    # 1. 显示数据集统计信息
+    stats = visualizer.get_dataset_stats()
+    
+    # 2. 检查数据完整性
+    is_valid = visualizer.check_data_integrity()
+    
+    if not is_valid:
+        print("\n⚠️  请先修复数据问题再继续训练")
+        return
+    
+    # 3. 显示类别分布
+    visualizer.show_class_distribution()
+    
+    # 4. 可视化训练集样本
+    if stats['train'] > 0:
+        visualizer.visualize_samples(
+            split='train', 
+            num_samples=min(NUM_SAMPLES, stats['train']),
+            random_selection=RANDOM_SELECTION
+        )
+    
+    # 5. 可视化验证集样本
+    if stats['val'] > 0:
+        visualizer.visualize_samples(
+            split='val', 
+            num_samples=min(NUM_SAMPLES, stats['val']),
+            random_selection=RANDOM_SELECTION
+        )
+    
+    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    print("✓ 可视化完成!")
+    print("="*60)
+    print("\n如果数据没有问题，接下来可以:")
+    print("  1. 运行 3_train_minimal.py 开始训练（CPU版本）")
+    print("  2. 或运行 4_train_gpu.py 开始训练（GPU版本）")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

SegFormer/training/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+"""
+训练配置文件
+
+功能说明：
+1. 集中管理所有训练超参数
+2. 区分CPU和GPU训练配置
+3. 便于实验管理和超参数调优
+
+使用方式：
+    from config import TrainConfig
+    config = TrainConfig()
+    # 根据需要修改配置
+    config.batch_size = 2
+"""
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+import torch
+
+
+@dataclass
+class TrainConfig:
+    """
+    训练配置类
+    
+    使用dataclass装饰器，自动生成__init__等方法
+    所有配置都有类型注解和默认值
+    """
+    
+    # ==================== 路径配置 ====================
+    # 数据集根目录
+    data_root: str = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/data/segformer_format"
+    
+    # 模型保存目录
+    output_dir: str = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/outputs"
+    
+    # 预训练模型名称
+    pretrained_model: str = "nvidia/segformer-b0-finetuned-ade-512-512"
+    
+    # ==================== 模型配置 ====================
+    # 类别数（包括背景）
+    # 0: 背景, 1: 食物
+    num_classes: int = 2
+    
+    # 输入图像尺寸
+    image_size: int = 512
+    
+    # SegFormer模型版本
+    # B0: 最轻量 (3.7M参数)
+    # B1: 轻量 (13.7M)
+    # B2: 中等 (24.7M)
+    # B3: 较大 (44.6M)
+    # B4: 大型 (61.4M)
+    # B5: 超大 (81.9M)
+    model_variant: str = "b0"
+    
+    # ==================== 训练配置 ====================
+    # 批大小
+    # CPU训练建议: 1-2
+    # GPU训练建议: 4-8 (4090可以用8-16)
+    batch_size: int = 1
+    
+    # 总训练轮数
+    num_epochs: int = 50
+    
+    # 学习率
+    learning_rate: float = 6e-5
+    
+    # 权重衰减（L2正则化）
+    weight_decay: float = 0.01
+    
+    # 学习率调度器类型
+    # 'cosine': 余弦退火
+    # 'linear': 线性衰减
+    # 'polynomial': 多项式衰减
+    lr_scheduler_type: str = "cosine"
+    
+    # Warmup轮数（学习率逐步增加的轮数）
+    warmup_epochs: int = 5
+    
+    # 梯度裁剪（防止梯度爆炸）
+    max_grad_norm: float = 1.0
+    
+    # ==================== 优化器配置 ====================
+    # 优化器类型: 'adamw' 或 'sgd'
+    optimizer_type: str = "adamw"
+    
+    # AdamW的beta参数
+    adam_betas: tuple = (0.9, 0.999)
+    
+    # SGD动量
+    sgd_momentum: float = 0.9
+    
+    # ==================== 损失函数配置 ====================
+    # 是否使用混合损失 (CrossEntropy + Dice)
+    use_mixed_loss: bool = True
+    
+    # Dice Loss的权重
+    dice_loss_weight: float = 0.5
+    
+    # 类别权重（用于处理类别不平衡）
+    # None: 自动计算
+    # List[float]: 手动指定 [背景权重, 食物权重]
+    class_weights: list = None  # 例如: [0.3, 0.7]
+    
+    # ==================== 数据加载配置 ====================
+    # 数据加载进程数
+    # CPU训练: 0 (避免进程间通信开销)
+    # GPU训练: 4-8
+    num_workers: int = 0
+    
+    # 是否使用数据增强
+    use_augmentation: bool = True
+    
+    # ==================== 训练策略 ====================
+    # 是否使用两阶段训练
+    # Stage 1: 冻结Encoder，只训练Decoder
+    # Stage 2: Fine-tune整个模型
+    use_two_stage_training: bool = True
+    
+    # Stage 1的训练轮数（冻结Encoder）
+    stage1_epochs: int = 10
+    
+    # ==================== 验证和保存 ====================
+    # 验证频率（每N个epoch验证一次）
+    eval_every_n_epochs: int = 5
+    
+    # 保存checkpoint频率（每N个epoch保存一次）
+    save_every_n_epochs: int = 10
+    
+    # 是否只保存最佳模型
+    save_best_only: bool = True
+    
+    # 最佳模型的评估指标: 'miou', 'loss', 'pixel_acc'
+    best_metric: str = "miou"
+    
+    # ==================== 设备配置 ====================
+    # 设备: 'cpu', 'cuda', 'auto'
+    device: str = "auto"
+    
+    # 是否使用混合精度训练（仅GPU）
+    use_amp: bool = False
+    
+    # ==================== 日志配置 ====================
+    # 打印频率（每N个batch打印一次）
+    print_every_n_batches: int = 5
+    
+    # 是否保存训练日志
+    save_logs: bool = True
+    
+    # 是否启用详细日志（包括每个batch的详细信息）
+    verbose: bool = True
+    
+    # ==================== 随机种子 ====================
+    # 随机种子（确保可复现）
+    random_seed: int = 42
+    
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        """
+        初始化后的处理
+        
+        在所有参数赋值后自动调用，用于：
+        1. 自动推断设备
+        2. 创建输出目录
+        3. 验证配置的合理性
+        """
+        # 1. 自动推断设备
+        if self.device == "auto":
+            self.device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
+        
+        # 2. CPU训练时自动调整配置
+        if self.device == "cpu":
+            self.use_amp = False  # CPU不支持混合精度
+            self.num_workers = 0  # CPU训练避免多进程开销
+            if self.batch_size > 2:
+                print(f"⚠️  CPU训练建议batch_size<=2，当前值 {self.batch_size} 可能很慢")
+        
+        # 3. 创建输出目录
+        Path(self.output_dir).mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # 4. 验证配置
+        assert self.num_classes >= 2, "类别数必须>=2"
+        assert self.batch_size > 0, "batch_size必须>0"
+        assert self.num_epochs > 0, "num_epochs必须>0"
+        assert self.learning_rate > 0, "learning_rate必须>0"
+        
+        if self.use_two_stage_training:
+            assert self.stage1_epochs < self.num_epochs, \
+                "stage1_epochs必须小于num_epochs"
+    
+    def to_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """
+        将配置转换为字典（用于保存）
+        
+        Returns:
+            config_dict: 配置字典
+        """
+        return {
+            k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items()
+            if not k.startswith('_')
+        }
+    
+    def print_config(self):
+        """打印所有配置信息"""
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("训练配置")
+        print("="*60)
+        
+        print("\n【路径配置】")
+        print(f"  数据集: {self.data_root}")
+        print(f"  输出目录: {self.output_dir}")
+        print(f"  预训练模型: {self.pretrained_model}")
+        
+        print("\n【模型配置】")
+        print(f"  类别数: {self.num_classes}")
+        print(f"  图像尺寸: {self.image_size}×{self.image_size}")
+        print(f"  模型版本: SegFormer-{self.model_variant.upper()}")
+        
+        print("\n【训练配置】")
+        print(f"  批大小: {self.batch_size}")
+        print(f"  训练轮数: {self.num_epochs}")
+        print(f"  学习率: {self.learning_rate}")
+        print(f"  权重衰减: {self.weight_decay}")
+        print(f"  学习率调度: {self.lr_scheduler_type}")
+        print(f"  Warmup轮数: {self.warmup_epochs}")
+        
+        print("\n【训练策略】")
+        if self.use_two_stage_training:
+            print(f"  两阶段训练: 是")
+            print(f"    Stage 1 (冻结Encoder): {self.stage1_epochs} epochs")
+            print(f"    Stage 2 (全模型Fine-tune): {self.num_epochs - self.stage1_epochs} epochs")
+        else:
+            print(f"  两阶段训练: 否")
+        
+        print("\n【损失函数】")
+        if self.use_mixed_loss:
+            print(f"  混合损失: CrossEntropy + {self.dice_loss_weight}×Dice")
+        else:
+            print(f"  损失函数: CrossEntropy")
+        if self.class_weights:
+            print(f"  类别权重: {self.class_weights}")
+        
+        print("\n【设备配置】")
+        print(f"  设备: {self.device}")
+        print(f"  混合精度: {'是' if self.use_amp else '否'}")
+        print(f"  数据加载进程: {self.num_workers}")
+        
+        print("\n【验证和保存】")
+        print(f"  验证频率: 每{self.eval_every_n_epochs}轮")
+        print(f"  保存频率: 每{self.save_every_n_epochs}轮")
+        print(f"  最佳指标: {self.best_metric}")
+        
+        print("="*60 + "\n")
+
+
+def get_cpu_config() -> TrainConfig:
+    """
+    获取CPU训练的推荐配置
+    
+    适用于：
+    - 本地开发调试
+    - 快速验证代码正确性
+    - 小数据集实验
+    """
+    config = TrainConfig()
+    
+    # CPU优化配置
+    config.device = "cpu"
+    config.batch_size = 1
+    config.num_workers = 0
+    config.use_amp = False
+    config.image_size = 256  # 降低分辨率加快训练
+    
+    # 快速验证配置
+    # config.num_epochs = 20
+    config.num_epochs = 50
+    config.eval_every_n_epochs = 5
+    config.save_every_n_epochs = 10
+    
+    return config
+
+
+def get_gpu_config() -> TrainConfig:
+    """
+    获取GPU训练的推荐配置
+    
+    适用于：
+    - 4090等高性能GPU
+    - 正式训练
+    - 追求最佳性能
+    """
+    config = TrainConfig()
+    
+    # GPU优化配置
+    config.device = "cuda"
+    config.batch_size = 8
+    config.num_workers = 4
+    config.use_amp = True
+    config.image_size = 512
+    
+    # 完整训练配置
+    config.num_epochs = 100
+    config.eval_every_n_epochs = 5
+    config.save_every_n_epochs = 10
+    
+    return config
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    """测试配置"""
+    print("CPU配置:")
+    cpu_config = get_cpu_config()
+    cpu_config.print_config()
+    
+    print("\n\nGPU配置:")
+    gpu_config = get_gpu_config()
+    gpu_config.print_config()

SegFormer/training/dataset.py

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+"""
+SegFormer训练数据集类
+
+功能说明：
+1. 加载图像和对应的分割mask
+2. 数据增强（翻转、旋转、颜色变换等）
+3. 预处理和标准化
+4. 批量数据加载
+"""
+
+import os
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
+import torch
+from torch.utils.data import Dataset
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Optional, Tuple, List
+import albumentations as A
+from albumentations.pytorch import ToTensorV2
+
+
+class FoodSegmentationDataset(Dataset):
+    """
+    食物分割数据集
+    
+    数据格式：
+    - 图像：RGB图像 (.jpg, .png等)
+    - 标注：PNG格式mask，像素值为类别ID (0=背景, 1=食物)
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        data_root: str,
+        split: str = 'train',
+        image_size: int = 512,
+        num_classes: int = 2,
+        augmentation: bool = True
+    ):
+        """
+        初始化数据集
+        
+        Args:
+            data_root: 数据集根目录（包含images和annotations文件夹）
+            split: 'train' 或 'val'
+            image_size: 输入图像尺寸（将resize到此尺寸）
+            num_classes: 类别数（包括背景）
+            augmentation: 是否使用数据增强（仅训练集）
+        """
+        self.data_root = Path(data_root)
+        self.split = split
+        self.image_size = image_size
+        self.num_classes = num_classes
+        self.augmentation = augmentation and (split == 'train')
+        
+        # 构建图像和mask的路径
+        self.images_dir = self.data_root / "images" / split
+        self.masks_dir = self.data_root / "annotations" / split
+        
+        # 获取所有图像文件
+        self.image_files = sorted(list(self.images_dir.glob("*.*")))
+        
+        # 过滤：只保留有对应mask的图像
+        self.valid_samples = []
+        for img_path in self.image_files:
+            mask_path = self.masks_dir / (img_path.stem + '.png')
+            if mask_path.exists():
+                self.valid_samples.append((img_path, mask_path))
+        
+        print(f"✓ {split}集加载完成: {len(self.valid_samples)} 个样本")
+        
+        # 构建数据增强pipeline
+        self.transform = self._build_transforms()
+    
+    def _build_transforms(self):
+        """
+        构建数据增强和预处理pipeline
+        
+        使用albumentations库进行高效的数据增强
+        注意：对于分割任务，增强操作需要同时应用到图像和mask
+        """
+        if self.augmentation:
+            # 训练集：激进的数据增强（因为数据量小）
+            transform = A.Compose([
+                # 1. 尺寸调整
+                A.Resize(self.image_size, self.image_size),
+                
+                # 2. 几何变换（同时作用于图像和mask）
+                A.HorizontalFlip(p=0.5),  # 50%概率水平翻转
+                A.VerticalFlip(p=0.3),    # 30%概率垂直翻转
+                A.Rotate(limit=30, p=0.5),  # ±30度旋转
+                A.ShiftScaleRotate(
+                    shift_limit=0.1,    # 平移±10%
+                    scale_limit=0.2,    # 缩放±20%
+                    rotate_limit=20,    # 旋转±20度
+                    p=0.5
+                ),
+                
+                # 3. 颜色增强（仅作用于图像）
+                A.RandomBrightnessContrast(
+                    brightness_limit=0.2,
+                    contrast_limit=0.2,
+                    p=0.5
+                ),
+                A.HueSaturationValue(
+                    hue_shift_limit=20,
+                    sat_shift_limit=30,
+                    val_shift_limit=20,
+                    p=0.5
+                ),
+                
+                # 4. 模糊和噪声
+                A.OneOf([
+                    A.GaussianBlur(blur_limit=(3, 5), p=1.0),
+                    A.MedianBlur(blur_limit=5, p=1.0),
+                ], p=0.3),
+                
+                # 5. 标准化（使用ImageNet均值和标准差）
+                A.Normalize(
+                    mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
+                    std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225],
+                ),
+                
+                # 6. 转换为Tensor
+                ToTensorV2(),
+            ])
+        else:
+            # 验证集：仅resize和标准化
+            transform = A.Compose([
+                A.Resize(self.image_size, self.image_size),
+                A.Normalize(
+                    mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
+                    std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225],
+                ),
+                ToTensorV2(),
+            ])
+        
+        return transform
+    
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        """返回数据集大小"""
+        return len(self.valid_samples)
+    
+    def __getitem__(self, idx: int) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+        """
+        获取一个样本
+        
+        Args:
+            idx: 样本索引
+        
+        Returns:
+            image: 图像Tensor (3, H, W)
+            mask: 分割mask Tensor (H, W)，像素值为类别ID
+        """
+        img_path, mask_path = self.valid_samples[idx]
+        
+        # 1. 读取图像和mask
+        image = np.array(Image.open(img_path).convert('RGB'))
+        mask = np.array(Image.open(mask_path))
+        
+        # 2. 应用数据增强
+        # albumentations会自动将增强同时应用到image和mask
+        transformed = self.transform(image=image, mask=mask)
+        image = transformed['image']  # Tensor (3, H, W)
+        mask = transformed['mask']    # 可能是ndarray或Tensor
+        
+        # 3. 将mask转换为Tensor（检查类型）
+        if isinstance(mask, np.ndarray):
+            mask = torch.from_numpy(mask).long()
+        else:
+            mask = mask.long()  # 已经是Tensor，直接转换类型
+        
+        # 4. 检查mask的有效性
+        # 确保mask的值在[0, num_classes-1]范围内
+        if mask.max() >= self.num_classes:
+            print(f"警告: {mask_path.name} 包含无效类别ID {mask.max()}")
+            mask = torch.clamp(mask, 0, self.num_classes - 1)
+        
+        return image, mask
+    
+    def get_sample_info(self, idx: int) -> dict:
+        """
+        获取样本的元信息（用于调试和可视化）
+        
+        Args:
+            idx: 样本索引
+        
+        Returns:
+            info: 包含文件名、路径等信息的字典
+        """
+        img_path, mask_path = self.valid_samples[idx]
+        return {
+            'image_name': img_path.name,
+            'mask_name': mask_path.name,
+            'image_path': str(img_path),
+            'mask_path': str(mask_path),
+        }
+
+
+def get_dataloaders(
+    data_root: str,
+    batch_size: int = 4,
+    image_size: int = 512,
+    num_workers: int = 0,
+    num_classes: int = 2
+) -> Tuple[torch.utils.data.DataLoader, torch.utils.data.DataLoader]:
+    """
+    创建训练集和验证集的DataLoader
+    
+    Args:
+        data_root: 数据集根目录
+        batch_size: 批大小
+        image_size: 图像尺寸
+        num_workers: 数据加载进程数（CPU训练时设为0）
+        num_classes: 类别数
+    
+    Returns:
+        train_loader: 训练集DataLoader
+        val_loader: 验证集DataLoader
+    """
+    # 创建训练集
+    train_dataset = FoodSegmentationDataset(
+        data_root=data_root,
+        split='train',
+        image_size=image_size,
+        num_classes=num_classes,
+        augmentation=True  # 训练集使用数据增强
+    )
+    
+    # 创建验证集
+    val_dataset = FoodSegmentationDataset(
+        data_root=data_root,
+        split='val',
+        image_size=image_size,
+        num_classes=num_classes,
+        augmentation=False  # 验证集不使用数据增强
+    )
+    
+    # 创建DataLoader
+    train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
+        train_dataset,
+        batch_size=batch_size,
+        shuffle=True,  # 训练集打乱顺序
+        num_workers=num_workers,
+        pin_memory=False,  # CPU训练时设为False
+        drop_last=True if len(train_dataset) > batch_size else False
+    )
+    
+    val_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
+        val_dataset,
+        batch_size=batch_size,
+        shuffle=False,  # 验证集不打乱
+        num_workers=num_workers,
+        pin_memory=False,
+        drop_last=False
+    )
+    
+    print(f"\n✓ DataLoader创建完成")
+    print(f"  训练集: {len(train_dataset)} 样本, {len(train_loader)} 批次")
+    print(f"  验证集: {len(val_dataset)} 样本, {len(val_loader)} 批次")
+    
+    return train_loader, val_loader
+
+
+def test_dataset():
+    """
+    测试数据集加载是否正常
+    
+    用于开发调试，验证：
+    1. 数据能否正确加载
+    2. 数据增强是否正常工作
+    3. 数据的shape和类型是否正确
+    """
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    
+    print("="*60)
+    print("数据集测试")
+    print("="*60)
+    
+    # 配置
+    DATA_ROOT = "d:/MyProjects/PythonProjects/FoodClassifier/SegFormer/data/segformer_format"
+    
+    # 创建数据集
+    dataset = FoodSegmentationDataset(
+        data_root=DATA_ROOT,
+        split='train',
+        image_size=512,
+        augmentation=True
+    )
+    
+    # 测试读取第一个样本
+    image, mask = dataset[0]
+    info = dataset.get_sample_info(0)
+    
+    print(f"\n样本信息:")
+    print(f"  文件名: {info['image_name']}")
+    print(f"  图像shape: {image.shape}")  # 应该是 (3, 512, 512)
+    print(f"  Mask shape: {mask.shape}")  # 应该是 (512, 512)
+    print(f"  Mask唯一值: {torch.unique(mask).numpy()}")  # 应该是 [0, 1]
+    print(f"  图像数据范围: [{image.min():.3f}, {image.max():.3f}]")
+    
+    # 可视化前3个样本（含数据增强效果）
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 3, figsize=(12, 12))
+    
+    for i in range(3):
+        image, mask = dataset[i]
+        
+        # 反标准化用于显示
+        mean = torch.tensor([0.485, 0.456, 0.406]).view(3, 1, 1)
+        std = torch.tensor([0.229, 0.224, 0.225]).view(3, 1, 1)
+        image_denorm = image * std + mean
+        image_denorm = torch.clamp(image_denorm, 0, 1)
+        
+        # 转换为numpy用于显示
+        image_np = image_denorm.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()
+        mask_np = mask.numpy()
+        
+        # 显示图像
+        axes[i, 0].imshow(image_np)
+        axes[i, 0].set_title(f"样本{i+1}: 图像")
+        axes[i, 0].axis('off')
+        
+        # 显示mask
+        axes[i, 1].imshow(mask_np, cmap='gray', vmin=0, vmax=1)
+        axes[i, 1].set_title(f"样本{i+1}: Mask")
+        axes[i, 1].axis('off')
+        
+        # 显示叠加
+        overlay = image_np.copy()
+        red_mask = np.zeros_like(overlay)
+        red_mask[mask_np == 1] = [1, 0, 0]
+        overlay = overlay * 0.6 + red_mask * 0.4
+        axes[i, 2].imshow(overlay)
+        axes[i, 2].set_title(f"样本{i+1}: 叠加")
+        axes[i, 2].axis('off')
+    
+    plt.tight_layout()
+    plt.savefig("dataset_test_result.png", dpi=120)
+    print(f"\n✓ 测试结果已保存: dataset_test_result.png")
+    plt.show()
+    
+    print("\n" + "="*60)
+    print("✓ 数据集测试通过!")
+    print("="*60)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_dataset()

SegFormer/training/train_minimal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+"""
+SegFormer Fine-tuning训练脚本（CPU版本）
+
+功能说明：
+1. 加载预训练的SegFormer模型
+2. 在自定义数据集上Fine-tune
+3. 支持两阶段训练（冻结Encoder + 全模型Fine-tune）
+4. 混合损失函数（CrossEntropy + Dice Loss）
+5. 完整的训练监控和模型保存
+
+适用场景：
+- 本地CPU开发调试
+- 验证代码正确性
+- 小数据集快速实验
+pip install numpy==1.26.4
+目前是2.2.6
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import json
+import numpy as np
+from pathlib import Path
+from tqdm import tqdm
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+from torch.optim import AdamW
+from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import CosineAnnealingLR
+from transformers import SegformerForSemanticSegmentation
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+# 导入自定义模块
+from config import TrainConfig, get_cpu_config
+from dataset import get_dataloaders
+
+
+class DiceLoss(nn.Module):
+    """
+    Dice Loss for semantic segmentation
+    
+    Dice系数衡量预测和真实mask的重叠程度：
+    Dice = 2 * |A ∩ B| / (|A| + |B|)
+    
+    Dice Loss = 1 - Dice
+    
+    优点：
+    - 对类别不平衡不敏感
+    - 关注重叠区域，适合分割任务
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, smooth=1.0):
+        """
+        Args:
+            smooth: 平滑因子，防止除零
+        """
+        super(DiceLoss, self).__init__()
+        self.smooth = smooth
+    
+    def forward(self, logits, targets):
+        """
+        Args:
+            logits: 模型输出 (B, C, H, W)
+            targets: 真实标签 (B, H, W)
+        
+        Returns:
+            loss: Dice Loss标量
+        """
+        # 1. 将logits转换为概率
+        probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=1)  # (B, C, H, W)
+        
+        # 2. 将targets转换为one-hot编码
+        num_classes = logits.shape[1]
+        targets_one_hot = F.one_hot(targets, num_classes)  # (B, H, W, C)
+        targets_one_hot = targets_one_hot.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).float()  # (B, C, H, W)
+        
+        # 3. 展平空间维度
+        probs = probs.view(probs.shape[0], probs.shape[1], -1)  # (B, C, H*W)
+        targets_one_hot = targets_one_hot.view(targets_one_hot.shape[0], targets_one_hot.shape[1], -1)
+        
+        # 4. 计算Dice系数
+        intersection = (probs * targets_one_hot).sum(dim=2)  # (B, C)
+        union = probs.sum(dim=2) + targets_one_hot.sum(dim=2)  # (B, C)
+        
+        dice = (2.0 * intersection + self.smooth) / (union + self.smooth)  # (B, C)
+        
+        # 5. 对所有类别和batch取平均
+        dice_loss = 1.0 - dice.mean()
+        
+        return dice_loss
+
+
+class MixedLoss(nn.Module):
+    """
+    混合损失：CrossEntropy + Dice Loss
+    
+    结合两种损失的优点：
+    - CrossEntropy: 像素级分类，梯度稳定
+    - Dice Loss: 关注重叠区域，处理类别不平衡
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, num_classes, class_weights=None, dice_weight=0.5):
+        """
+        Args:
+            num_classes: 类别数
+            class_weights: 类别权重（用于CrossEntropy）
+            dice_weight: Dice Loss的权重
+        """
+        super(MixedLoss, self).__init__()
+        
+        # CrossEntropy Loss
+        if class_weights is not None:
+            class_weights = torch.tensor(class_weights, dtype=torch.float32)
+        self.ce_loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=class_weights)
+        
+        # Dice Loss
+        self.dice_loss = DiceLoss()
+        
+        self.dice_weight = dice_weight
+    
+    def forward(self, logits, targets):
+        """
+        Args:
+            logits: 模型输出 (B, C, H, W)
+            targets: 真实标签 (B, H, W)
+        
+        Returns:
+            loss: 混合损失
+            loss_dict: 各损失分量的字典
+        """
+        ce = self.ce_loss(logits, targets)
+        dice = self.dice_loss(logits, targets)
+        
+        total_loss = ce + self.dice_weight * dice
+        
+        return total_loss, {'ce_loss': ce.item(), 'dice_loss': dice.item()}
+
+
+class SegmentationMetrics:
+    """
+    分割任务的评估指标
+    
+    包括：
+    - mIoU (Mean Intersection over Union)
+    - Pixel Accuracy
+    - Per-class IoU
+    """
+    
+    def __init__(self, num_classes):
+        """
+        Args:
+            num_classes: 类别数
+        """
+        self.num_classes = num_classes
+        self.reset()
+    
+    def reset(self):
+        """重置所有统计"""
+        self.confusion_matrix = np.zeros((self.num_classes, self.num_classes))
+    
+    def update(self, preds, targets):
+        """
+        更新混淆矩阵
+        
+        Args:
+            preds: 预测标签 (B, H, W) 或 (N,)
+            targets: 真实标签 (B, H, W) 或 (N,)
+        """
+        preds = preds.flatten()
+        targets = targets.flatten()
+        
+        # 过滤无效值
+        mask = (targets >= 0) & (targets < self.num_classes)
+        preds = preds[mask]
+        targets = targets[mask]
+        
+        # 更新混淆矩阵
+        for pred, target in zip(preds, targets):
+            self.confusion_matrix[target, pred] += 1
+    
+    def compute_miou(self):
+        """
+        计算mIoU (Mean Intersection over Union)
+        
+        IoU = TP / (TP + FP + FN)
+        mIoU = mean(IoU_per_class)
+        
+        Returns:
+            miou: 平均IoU
+            iou_per_class: 每个类别的IoU
+        """
+        # 对角线是TP（预测和真实都是该类别）
+        tp = np.diag(self.confusion_matrix)
+        
+        # 每行之和是该类别的真实数量（TP + FN）
+        # 每列之和是预测为该类别的数量（TP + FP）
+        fp_fn = self.confusion_matrix.sum(axis=0) + self.confusion_matrix.sum(axis=1) - tp
+        
+        # IoU = TP / (TP + FP + FN)
+        iou_per_class = tp / (fp_fn + 1e-10)
+        
+        # 忽略无效类别（分母为0）
+        valid_classes = fp_fn > 0
+        miou = iou_per_class[valid_classes].mean()
+        
+        return miou, iou_per_class
+    
+    def compute_pixel_accuracy(self):
+        """
+        计算像素准确率
+        
+        Pixel Accuracy = (TP + TN) / Total
+        
+        Returns:
+            pixel_acc: 像素准确率
+        """
+        total_correct = np.diag(self.confusion_matrix).sum()
+        total_pixels = self.confusion_matrix.sum()
+        pixel_acc = total_correct / (total_pixels + 1e-10)
+        return pixel_acc
+    
+    def get_results(self):
+        """
+        获取所有评估指标
+        
+        Returns:
+            results: 包含所有指标的字典
+        """
+        miou, iou_per_class = self.compute_miou()
+        pixel_acc = self.compute_pixel_accuracy()
+        
+        return {
+            'miou': miou,
+            'pixel_accuracy': pixel_acc,
+            'iou_per_class': iou_per_class.tolist(),
+        }
+
+
+class SegFormerTrainer:
+    """SegFormer训练器"""
+    
+    def __init__(self, config: TrainConfig):
+        """
+        初始化训练器
+        
+        Args:
+            config: 训练配置
+        """
+        self.config = config
+        self.device = torch.device(config.device)
+        
+        # 设置随机种子
+        self._set_seed(config.random_seed)
+        
+        # 创建输出目录
+        self.output_dir = Path(config.output_dir)
+        self.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # 加载数据
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("加载数据集")
+        print("="*60)
+        self.train_loader, self.val_loader = get_dataloaders(
+            data_root=config.data_root,
+            batch_size=config.batch_size,
+            image_size=config.image_size,
+            num_workers=config.num_workers,
+            num_classes=config.num_classes
+        )
+        
+        # 加载模型
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("加载模型")
+        print("="*60)
+        self.model = self._build_model()
+        
+        # 构建损失函数
+        self.criterion = self._build_criterion()
+        
+        # 构建优化器和调度器
+        self.optimizer = self._build_optimizer()
+        self.scheduler = self._build_scheduler()
+        
+        # 训练状态
+        self.current_epoch = 0
+        self.best_metric = 0.0
+        self.train_losses = []
+        self.val_metrics = []
+        
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("✓ 训练器初始化完成")
+        print("="*60)
+    
+    def _set_seed(self, seed):
+        """设置随机种子"""
+        torch.manual_seed(seed)
+        np.random.seed(seed)
+        if torch.cuda.is_available():
+            torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed)
+    
+    def _build_model(self):
+        """
+        构建SegFormer模型
+        
+        Returns:
+            model: SegFormer模型
+        """
+        print(f"加载预训练模型: {self.config.pretrained_model}")
+        
+        # 加载预训练模型
+        model = SegformerForSemanticSegmentation.from_pretrained(
+            self.config.pretrained_model,
+            num_labels=self.config.num_classes,
+            ignore_mismatched_sizes=True  # 允许分类头尺寸不匹配
+        )
+        
+        model.to(self.device)
+        
+        # 统计参数量
+        total_params = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters())
+        trainable_params = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
+        
+        print(f"✓ 模型加载完成")
+        print(f"  总参数量: {total_params:,}")
+        print(f"  可训练参数: {trainable_params:,}")
+        
+        return model
+    
+    def _build_criterion(self):
+        """构建损失函数"""
+        if self.config.use_mixed_loss:
+            criterion = MixedLoss(
+                num_classes=self.config.num_classes,
+                class_weights=self.config.class_weights,
+                dice_weight=self.config.dice_loss_weight
+            )
+            print(f"✓ 损失函数: Mixed Loss (CE + {self.config.dice_loss_weight}×Dice)")
+        else:
+            weights = None
+            if self.config.class_weights:
+                weights = torch.tensor(self.config.class_weights, dtype=torch.float32)
+            criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=weights)
+            print(f"✓ 损失函数: CrossEntropy")
+        
+        return criterion.to(self.device)
+    
+    def _build_optimizer(self):
+        """构建优化器"""
+        if self.config.optimizer_type == 'adamw':
+            optimizer = AdamW(
+                self.model.parameters(),
+                lr=self.config.learning_rate,
+                weight_decay=self.config.weight_decay,
+                betas=self.config.adam_betas
+            )
+            print(f"✓ 优化器: AdamW (lr={self.config.learning_rate})")
+        else:
+            optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(
+                self.model.parameters(),
+                lr=self.config.learning_rate,
+                weight_decay=self.config.weight_decay,
+                momentum=self.config.sgd_momentum
+            )
+            print(f"✓ 优化器: SGD (lr={self.config.learning_rate})")
+        
+        return optimizer
+    
+    def _build_scheduler(self):
+        """构建学习率调度器"""
+        if self.config.lr_scheduler_type == 'cosine':
+            scheduler = CosineAnnealingLR(
+                self.optimizer,
+                T_max=self.config.num_epochs,
+                eta_min=1e-7
+            )
+            print(f"✓ 学习率调度: Cosine Annealing")
+        else:
+            scheduler = None
+            print(f"✓ 学习率调度: None")
+        
+        return scheduler
+    
+    def _freeze_encoder(self):
+        """冻结Encoder（仅训练Decoder）"""
+        for name, param in self.model.named_parameters():
+            if 'decode_head' not in name:
+                param.requires_grad = False
+        
+        trainable = sum(p.numel() for p in self.model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
+        print(f"  冻结Encoder，可训练参数: {trainable:,}")
+    
+    def _unfreeze_all(self):
+        """解冻所有参数"""
+        for param in self.model.parameters():
+            param.requires_grad = True
+        
+        trainable = sum(p.numel() for p in self.model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
+        print(f"  解冻全模型，可训练参数: {trainable:,}")
+    
+    def train_epoch(self):
+        """
+        训练一个epoch
+        
+        Returns:
+            avg_loss: 平均损失
+        """
+        self.model.train()
+        epoch_loss = 0.0
+        epoch_ce_loss = 0.0
+        epoch_dice_loss = 0.0
+        
+        pbar = tqdm(self.train_loader, desc=f"Epoch {self.current_epoch}/{self.config.num_epochs}")
+        
+        for batch_idx, (images, masks) in enumerate(pbar):
+            # 1. 数据迁移到设备
+            images = images.to(self.device)
+            masks = masks.to(self.device)
+            
+            # 2. 前向传播
+            outputs = self.model(pixel_values=images)
+            logits = outputs.logits
+            
+            # 3. 上采样logits到mask尺寸
+            logits = F.interpolate(
+                logits,
+                size=masks.shape[-2:],
+                mode='bilinear',
+                align_corners=False
+            )
+            
+            # 4. 计算损失
+            if isinstance(self.criterion, MixedLoss):
+                loss, loss_dict = self.criterion(logits, masks)
+                epoch_ce_loss += loss_dict['ce_loss']
+                epoch_dice_loss += loss_dict['dice_loss']
+            else:
+                loss = self.criterion(logits, masks)
+            
+            # 5. 反向传播
+            self.optimizer.zero_grad()
+            loss.backward()
+            
+            # 6. 梯度裁剪
+            if self.config.max_grad_norm > 0:
+                torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(
+                    self.model.parameters(),
+                    self.config.max_grad_norm
+                )
+            
+            # 7. 更新参数
+            self.optimizer.step()
+            
+            # 8. 累计损失
+            epoch_loss += loss.item()
+            
+            # 9. 更新进度条
+            pbar.set_postfix({'loss': f'{loss.item():.4f}'})
+        
+        # 计算平均损失
+        avg_loss = epoch_loss / len(self.train_loader)
+        
+        if isinstance(self.criterion, MixedLoss):
+            avg_ce = epoch_ce_loss / len(self.train_loader)
+            avg_dice = epoch_dice_loss / len(self.train_loader)
+            print(f"  Train Loss: {avg_loss:.4f} (CE: {avg_ce:.4f}, Dice: {avg_dice:.4f})")
+        else:
+            print(f"  Train Loss: {avg_loss:.4f}")
+        
+        return avg_loss
+    
+    @torch.no_grad()
+    def validate(self):
+        """
+        验证模型
+        
+        Returns:
+            metrics: 评估指标字典
+        """
+        self.model.eval()
+        metrics = SegmentationMetrics(self.config.num_classes)
+        val_loss = 0.0
+        
+        pbar = tqdm(self.val_loader, desc="Validation")
+        
+        for images, masks in pbar:
+            # 1. 数据迁移
+            images = images.to(self.device)
+            masks = masks.to(self.device)
+            
+            # 2. 前向传播
+            outputs = self.model(pixel_values=images)
+            logits = outputs.logits
+            
+            # 3. 上采样
+            logits = F.interpolate(
+                logits,
+                size=masks.shape[-2:],
+                mode='bilinear',
+                align_corners=False
+            )
+            
+            # 4. 计算损失
+            if isinstance(self.criterion, MixedLoss):
+                loss, _ = self.criterion(logits, masks)
+            else:
+                loss = self.criterion(logits, masks)
+            val_loss += loss.item()
+            
+            # 5. 计算预测
+            preds = logits.argmax(dim=1)
+            
+            # 6. 更新指标
+            metrics.update(preds.cpu().numpy(), masks.cpu().numpy())
+        
+        # 计算最终指标
+        results = metrics.get_results()
+        results['loss'] = val_loss / len(self.val_loader)
+        
+        print(f"\n  Validation Results:")
+        print(f"    Loss: {results['loss']:.4f}")
+        print(f"    mIoU: {results['miou']:.4f}")
+        print(f"    Pixel Acc: {results['pixel_accuracy']:.4f}")
+        print(f"    IoU per class: {[f'{x:.3f}' for x in results['iou_per_class']]}")
+        
+        return results
+    
+    def save_checkpoint(self, metrics, is_best=False):
+        """
+        保存checkpoint
+        
+        Args:
+            metrics: 评估指标
+            is_best: 是否是最佳模型
+        """
+        checkpoint = {
+            'epoch': self.current_epoch,
+            'model_state_dict': self.model.state_dict(),
+            'optimizer_state_dict': self.optimizer.state_dict(),
+            'metrics': metrics,
+            'config': self.config.to_dict(),
+        }
+        
+        # 保存最新checkpoint
+        checkpoint_path = self.output_dir / f"checkpoint_epoch_{self.current_epoch}.pt"
+        torch.save(checkpoint, checkpoint_path)
+        print(f"  ✓ Checkpoint已保存: {checkpoint_path}")
+        
+        # 保存最佳模型
+        if is_best:
+            best_path = self.output_dir / "best_model.pt"
+            torch.save(checkpoint, best_path)
+            print(f"  ✓ 最佳模型已保存: {best_path}")
+    
+    def train(self):
+        """完整训练流程"""
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("开始训练")
+        print("="*60)
+        self.config.print_config()
+        
+        # 两阶段训练
+        if self.config.use_two_stage_training:
+            print("\n【Stage 1: 冻结Encoder，训练Decoder】")
+            self._freeze_encoder()
+            stage1_end = self.config.stage1_epochs
+        else:
+            stage1_end = 0
+        
+        # 主训练循环
+        for epoch in range(1, self.config.num_epochs + 1):
+            self.current_epoch = epoch
+            
+            # 切换到Stage 2
+            if self.config.use_two_stage_training and epoch == stage1_end + 1:
+                print("\n" + "="*60)
+                print("【Stage 2: Fine-tune全模型】")
+                print("="*60)
+                self._unfreeze_all()
+                # 重建优化器（因为参数变了）
+                self.optimizer = self._build_optimizer()
+                self.scheduler = self._build_scheduler()
+            
+            print(f"\n{'='*60}")
+            print(f"Epoch {epoch}/{self.config.num_epochs}")
+            print(f"{'='*60}")
+            
+            # 训练
+            train_loss = self.train_epoch()
+            self.train_losses.append(train_loss)
+            
+            # 学习率调度
+            if self.scheduler:
+                self.scheduler.step()
+                print(f"  Learning Rate: {self.optimizer.param_groups[0]['lr']:.2e}")
+            
+            # 验证
+            if epoch % self.config.eval_every_n_epochs == 0:
+                print(f"\n执行验证...")
+                val_metrics = self.validate()
+                self.val_metrics.append((epoch, val_metrics))
+                
+                # 判断是否是最佳模型
+                current_metric = val_metrics[self.config.best_metric]
+                is_best = current_metric > self.best_metric
+                if is_best:
+                    self.best_metric = current_metric
+                    print(f"  🎉 新的最佳{self.config.best_metric}: {current_metric:.4f}")
+                
+                # 保存checkpoint
+                if epoch % self.config.save_every_n_epochs == 0:
+                    if self.config.save_best_only and not is_best:
+                        print(f"  跳过保存（非最佳模型）")
+                    else:
+                        self.save_checkpoint(val_metrics, is_best=is_best)
+        
+        print("\n" + "="*60)
+        print("✓ 训练完成!")
+        print("="*60)
+        print(f"最佳{self.config.best_metric}: {self.best_metric:.4f}")
+        
+        # 保存训练曲线
+        self.plot_training_curves()
+    
+    def plot_training_curves(self):
+        """绘制训练曲线"""
+        fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(15, 5))
+        
+        # 损失曲线
+        axes[0].plot(range(1, len(self.train_losses) + 1), self.train_losses)
+        axes[0].set_xlabel('Epoch')
+        axes[0].set_ylabel('Training Loss')
+        axes[0].set_title('Training Loss Curve')
+        axes[0].grid(True)
+        
+        # mIoU曲线
+        if len(self.val_metrics) > 0:
+            epochs = [x[0] for x in self.val_metrics]
+            mious = [x[1]['miou'] for x in self.val_metrics]
+            axes[1].plot(epochs, mious, marker='o')
+            axes[1].set_xlabel('Epoch')
+            axes[1].set_ylabel('mIoU')
+            axes[1].set_title('Validation mIoU Curve')
+            axes[1].grid(True)
+        
+        plt.tight_layout()
+        save_path = self.output_dir / "training_curves.png"
+        plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=120)
+        print(f"\n✓ 训练曲线已保存: {save_path}")
+        plt.close()
+
+
+def main():
+    """主函数"""
+    print("="*60)
+    print("SegFormer Fine-tuning训练脚本")
+    print("="*60)
+    
+    # 获取配置
+    config = get_cpu_config()
+    
+    # 根据需要修改配置
+    # config.num_epochs = 20
+    # config.image_size = 256
+    # config.eval_every_n_epochs = 5
+    
+    # 创建训练器
+    trainer = SegFormerTrainer(config)
+    
+    # 开始训练
+    trainer.train()
+    
+    print("\n训练完成! 接下来可以:")
+    print("  1. 运行 5_test_model.py 测试模型")
+    print("  2. 查看输出目录中的训练曲线和checkpoint")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

classifier/embedding_food_classifier_app.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class EmbeddingFoodClassifierApp:
             # model_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "../model/embedding_20251011_133653/best_embedding_model.pth")
             # model_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "../model/ProcessedIngredientRecognition/embedding_20251029_170904/best_embedding_model.pth")
             # model_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/cosface_20251106_134718/best_cosface_model.pth")
-            model_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251127_180944/model_s72.0_m0.35.pth")
+            model_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251204_140816/model_s64.0_m0.4.pth")
             # model_path = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "../model/DishClassification/cosface_20251111_153649/best_cosface_model.pth")
 
             # FAISS索引目录

faiss_vector_db/build_faiss_index.py

@@ -358,6 +358,64 @@ class FAISSIndexBuilder:
         return index
 
 
+def extract_embeddings_only(model_path: str, 
+                            train_dir: str, 
+                            output_dir: str,
+                            embedding_dim: int = 512,
+                            batch_size: int = 16) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, List[int]]:
+    """
+    仅提取特征向量并保存为JSON（用于可视化）
+    不构建完整的FAISS索引，节省时间
+    
+    Args:
+        model_path: 模型路径
+        train_dir: 训练数据目录
+        output_dir: 输出目录
+        embedding_dim: 特征向量维度
+        batch_size: 批处理大小
+    
+    Returns:
+        (embeddings, labels): 特征向量数组和标签列表
+    """
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print("开始提取特征向量用于可视化")
+    print("=" * 60)
+    
+    builder = FAISSIndexBuilder(model_path, embedding_dim)
+    
+    # 扫描数据
+    image_paths, class_names, labels = builder.scan_training_data(train_dir)
+    builder.image_paths = image_paths
+    builder.labels = labels
+    
+    # 提取特征
+    embeddings = builder.extract_features_batch(image_paths, batch_size)
+    builder.embeddings = embeddings
+    
+    # 仅保存 embeddings.json 和 labels.json（可视化需要的）
+    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    
+    embeddings_json_path = os.path.join(output_dir, 'embeddings.json')
+    labels_json_path = os.path.join(output_dir, 'labels.json')
+    
+    print(f"保存特征向量到: {embeddings_json_path}")
+    with open(embeddings_json_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(embeddings.tolist(), f, ensure_ascii=False)
+    
+    print(f"保存标签到: {labels_json_path}")
+    with open(labels_json_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(labels, f, ensure_ascii=False)
+    
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print(f"✓ 特征向量提取完成")
+    print(f"  输出目录: {output_dir}")
+    print(f"  样本数: {len(embeddings)}")
+    print(f"  特征维度: {embedding_dim}")
+    print("=" * 60)
+    
+    return embeddings, labels
+
+
 class FAISSSearcher:
     """FAISS相似度检索器"""
     
@@ -498,7 +556,7 @@ def main():
     # MODEL_PATH = "../model/embedding_20251011_133653/best_embedding_model.pth"
     # MODEL_PATH = "../model/ProcessedIngredientRecognition/embedding_20251103_172012/best_embedding_model.pth"
     # MODEL_PATH = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/cosface_20251113_160103/best_cosface_model.pth"
-    MODEL_PATH = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251127_180944/model_s72.0_m0.35.pth"
+    MODEL_PATH = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251204_140816/model_s64.0_m0.4.pth"
     # MODEL_PATH = "../model/DishClassification/grid_search_20251121_102723/model_s56.0_m0.4.pth"
     # MODEL_PATH = "../model/DishClassification/cosface_20251111_153649/best_cosface_model.pth"
     # TRAIN_DIR = "../dataset/ProcessedIngredientRecognition/train"

faiss_vector_db/visualize_embeddings.py

@@ -138,7 +138,17 @@ def reduce_dim(X: np.ndarray, method: str, seed: int, tsne_perplexity: int, umap
         raise ValueError(f"未知降维方法: {method}")
 
 
-def plot_2d(Z: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray, title: str, out_path: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+def plot_2d(Z: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray, title: str, out_path: Optional[str] = None, show: bool = True) -> None:
+    """
+    绘制2D降维散点图
+    
+    Args:
+        Z: 降维后的2D坐标
+        y: 类别标签
+        title: 图表标题
+        out_path: 保存路径(可选)
+        show: 是否显示窗口(默认True,训练脚本中应设为False)
+    """
     plt.figure(figsize=(8, 7), dpi=120)
     classes = np.unique(y)
     # 构建调色板
@@ -157,7 +167,85 @@ def plot_2d(Z: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray, title: str, out_path: Optional[str] =
     plt.tight_layout()
     if out_path:
         plt.savefig(out_path, bbox_inches="tight")
-    plt.show()
+    if show:
+        plt.show()
+
+
+def visualize_embeddings_from_files(embeddings_path: str,
+                                    labels_path: str,
+                                    output_dir: str,
+                                    method: str = "pca",
+                                    max_points: Optional[int] = None,
+                                    seed: int = 42,
+                                    **kwargs) -> str:
+    """
+    从文件加载并可视化embeddings（用于训练脚本调用）
+    
+    Args:
+        embeddings_path: embeddings.json路径
+        labels_path: labels.json路径
+        output_dir: 输出目录
+        method: 降维方法 (pca/tsne/umap)
+        max_points: 抽样上限
+        seed: 随机种子
+        **kwargs: 其他降维参数
+    
+    Returns:
+        输出的PNG图片路径
+    """
+    print("=" * 60)
+    print(f"开始可视化 embeddings")
+    print(f"降维方法: {method}")
+    print("=" * 60)
+    
+    # 加载数据
+    print(f"加载数据: {embeddings_path}")
+    X = load_embeddings_json(embeddings_path)
+    y = load_labels_json(labels_path)
+    
+    # 数据对齐
+    if X.shape[0] != y.shape[0]:
+        n = min(X.shape[0], y.shape[0])
+        print(f"警告: 数据不一致，截断到 {n}")
+        X, y = X[:n], y[:n]
+    
+    # 抽样
+    Xs, ys, _ = subsample(X, y, max_points, seed=seed)
+    if Xs.shape[0] < X.shape[0]:
+        print(f"已抽样: {Xs.shape[0]}/{X.shape[0]}")
+    
+    # 降维参数
+    tsne_perplexity = kwargs.get('tsne_perplexity', 30)
+    umap_n_neighbors = kwargs.get('umap_n_neighbors', 15)
+    umap_min_dist = kwargs.get('umap_min_dist', 0.1)
+    
+    # 降维
+    print(f"执行降维: {method}")
+    Z = reduce_dim(Xs, method, seed, tsne_perplexity, umap_n_neighbors, umap_min_dist)
+    
+    # 诊断
+    print("\n==== 诊断信息 ====")
+    diag_info = diagnostics(Xs, ys, reduced2d=Z, method=method)
+    print(diag_info)
+    
+    # 保存诊断信息
+    diag_path = os.path.join(output_dir, f"embedding_{method}_diagnostics.txt")
+    with open(diag_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        f.write(diag_info)
+    print(f"✓ 诊断信息已保存: {diag_path}")
+    
+    # 绘图
+    out_png = os.path.join(output_dir, f"embedding_{method}_2d.png")
+    title = f"Embedding {method.upper()} 2D (N={Xs.shape[0]})"
+    
+    # 训练脚本调用时不显示窗口，只保存图片
+    plot_2d(Z, ys, title, out_path=out_png, show=False)
+    plt.close('all')  # 关闭所有图形
+    
+    print(f"✓ 可视化图已保存: {out_png}")
+    print("=" * 60)
+    
+    return out_png
 
 
 def main():

toAndroid/toAndroidEmbedding.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def main():
     base_model = create_mobile_resnet50_embedding(embedding_dim=512, pretrained=True)
     # model_path = "../model/DishClassification/grid_search_20251121_102723/model_s56.0_m0.4.pth"
     # model_path = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/cosface_20251106_134718/best_cosface_model.pth"
-    model_path = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251127_180944/model_s72.0_m0.35.pth"
+    model_path = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251204_140816/model_s64.0_m0.4.pth"
     # model_path = "../model/ProcessedIngredientRecognition/embedding_20251029_173607/best_embedding_model.pth"
 
     if not os.path.exists(model_path):
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def main():
         
         # 保存模型,一定不要乱改，防止模型覆盖!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
         # output_path = "../model/DishClassification/grid_search_20251121_102723/best_embedding_model_mobile.pt"
-        output_path = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251127_180944/best_embedding_model_mobile.pt"
+        output_path = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/grid_search_20251204_140816/best_embedding_model_mobile.pt"
         # output_path = "../model/WholeIngredientRecognition/cosface_20251106_134718/best_embedding_model_mobile.pt"
         # output_path = "../model/ProcessedIngredientRecognition/embedding_20251029_173607/best_embedding_model_mobile.pt"
         traced_model.save(output_path)

train/grid_search_cosface.py

@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
         's': [56.0, 60.0, 64.0, 68.0],  # scale参数
         'm': [0.32, 0.35, 0.38, 0.40],  # margin参数
     },
+     'whole_ingredient': {
+        's': [56.0, 60.0, 64.0, 68.0, 72.0],
+        'm': [0.32, 0.35, 0.38, 0.40, 0.45],
+    },
 """
 GRID_PARAMS = {
     'dish': {
@@ -53,8 +57,8 @@ GRID_PARAMS = {
         'm': [0.32, 0.35, 0.38, 0.40,0.45,0.50],  # margin参数
     },
     'whole_ingredient': {
-        's': [56.0, 60.0, 64.0, 68.0, 72.0],
+        's': [64.0, 68.0],
-        'm': [0.32, 0.35, 0.38, 0.40, 0.45],
+        'm': [0.40, 0.42, 0.43, 0.45],
     },
     'processed_ingredient': {
         's': [56.0, 60.0, 64.0, 68.0],
@@ -103,6 +107,7 @@ def train_single_config(
     val_loader: DataLoader,
     test_loader: DataLoader,
     num_classes: int,
+    save_dir: str,
     max_epochs: int = 100,
     patience: int = 10,
     min_epochs: int = 25,
@@ -138,6 +143,7 @@ def train_single_config(
     best_val_loss = float('inf')
     early_stop_counter = 0
     best_epoch = 0
+    early_stopped = False  # 标记是否触发早停
     
     # 训练历史
     train_losses = []
@@ -172,6 +178,66 @@ def train_single_config(
         # 早停判断
         if epoch >= min_epochs and early_stop_counter >= patience:
             logger.info(f'早停触发于Epoch {epoch+1}, 最佳Epoch: {best_epoch+1}')
+            early_stopped = True
+            
+            # ===== 保存最佳模型 =====
+            best_model_path = os.path.join(save_dir, f'best_model_s{s}_m{m}.pth')
+            torch.save({
+                'backbone_state_dict': model.state_dict(),
+                'head_state_dict': head.state_dict(),
+                's': s,
+                'm': m,
+                'best_val_loss': best_val_loss,
+                'best_epoch': best_epoch,
+            }, best_model_path)
+            logger.info(f'✓ 最佳模型已保存: {best_model_path}')
+            
+            # ===== 生成特征向量可视化 =====
+            logger.info('🎨 开始生成特征向量可视化...')
+            try:
+                # 动态导入函数
+                faiss_db_dir = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'faiss_vector_db')
+                if faiss_db_dir not in sys.path:
+                    sys.path.insert(0, faiss_db_dir)
+                
+                from faiss_vector_db.build_faiss_index import extract_embeddings_only
+                from faiss_vector_db.visualize_embeddings import visualize_embeddings_from_files
+                
+                # 为每个配置创建独立的可视化目录
+                vis_output_dir = os.path.join(save_dir, f'model_s{s}_m{m}_visualization')
+                
+                # 1. 提取特征向量
+                logger.info('  步骤1/2: 提取训练集特征向量...')
+                extract_embeddings_only(
+                    model_path=best_model_path,
+                    train_dir=cfg.train_dir,
+                    output_dir=vis_output_dir,
+                    embedding_dim=cfg.embedding_dim,
+                    batch_size=16  # 使用较小的batch_size加快速度
+                )
+                
+                # 2. 生成可视化（使用PCA方法，快速）
+                logger.info('  步骤2/2: 生成可视化图...')
+                embeddings_json = os.path.join(vis_output_dir, 'embeddings.json')
+                labels_json = os.path.join(vis_output_dir, 'labels.json')
+                
+                visualize_embeddings_from_files(
+                    embeddings_path=embeddings_json,
+                    labels_path=labels_json,
+                    output_dir=vis_output_dir,
+                    method='pca',  # 使用PCA方法（快速）
+                    max_points=None,  # 训练集全量可视化
+                    seed=42
+                )
+                
+                logger.info(f'✓ 可视化完成，保存至: {vis_output_dir}')
+                
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f'⚠ 可视化生成失败: {e}')
+                import traceback
+                traceback.print_exc()
+            # ===== 可视化逻辑结束 =====
+            
             break
     
     elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
@@ -186,7 +252,7 @@ def train_single_config(
         's': s,
         'm': m,
         'actual_epochs': actual_epochs,
-        'early_stopped': actual_epochs < max_epochs,
+        'early_stopped': early_stopped,
         'training_time_minutes': elapsed_time / 60,
         'best_val_loss': best_val_loss,
         'final_train_loss': train_losses[-1],
@@ -298,6 +364,7 @@ def grid_search_main(
                 cfg, s, m,
                 train_loader, val_loader, test_loader,
                 num_classes,
+                save_dir=save_dir,
                 max_epochs=max_epochs,
                 patience=patience,
                 min_epochs=min_epochs