diff --git a/data_management/download_and_split.py b/data_management/download_and_split.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9eb1f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data_management/download_and_split.py
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+"""
+无GUI数据集构建脚本
+流程：按日期查询MySQL -> 下载到train按类别目录 -> 按70/15/15分割为train/val/test
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import os
+import random
+import re
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+import requests
+
+# 允许从 data_management 直接运行
+CURRENT_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+if str(CURRENT_DIR) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(CURRENT_DIR))
+
+from database import MySQLManager  # noqa: E402
+from split_dataset import split_dataset  # noqa: E402
+
+
+IMAGE_EXT_DEFAULT = ".jpg"
+VALID_EXTS = {".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".webp", ".bmp"}
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DownloadResult:
+    success: bool
+    goods_name: str
+    image_url: str
+    saved_path: Optional[str] = None
+    error_message: Optional[str] = None
+
+
+class SimpleDownloader:
+    """无状态批量下载器（带重试和跳过）"""
+
+    def __init__(self, timeout: int = 30, max_retries: int = 2, workers: int = 8):
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.max_retries = max_retries
+        self.workers = workers
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._seen_targets = set()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _sanitize_name(name: str) -> str:
+        name = (name or "未知类别").strip()
+        name = re.sub(r"[\\/:*?\"<>|]", "_", name)
+        name = re.sub(r"\s+", "_", name)
+        return name[:80] if len(name) > 80 else name
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _infer_ext_from_url(image_url: str) -> str:
+        base = image_url.split("?")[0]
+        ext = os.path.splitext(base)[1].lower()
+        return ext if ext in VALID_EXTS else IMAGE_EXT_DEFAULT
+
+    def _build_file_path(self, train_root: Path, row: Dict) -> Path:
+        cls_name = self._sanitize_name(row.get("goods_name", "未知类别"))
+        class_dir = train_root / cls_name
+        class_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        create_time = row.get("create_time", "")
+        dt_tag = re.sub(r"[^0-9]", "", create_time) if create_time else ""
+        dt_tag = dt_tag[:14] if dt_tag else datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
+
+        data_id = row.get("id", "na")
+        ext = self._infer_ext_from_url(row.get("image_url", ""))
+        filename = f"img_{dt_tag}_{data_id}{ext}"
+        target = class_dir / filename
+
+        # 文件名冲突兜底
+        if target.exists():
+            suffix = 1
+            while True:
+                candidate = class_dir / f"img_{dt_tag}_{data_id}_{suffix}{ext}"
+                if not candidate.exists():
+                    target = candidate
+                    break
+                suffix += 1
+
+        return target
+
+    def _download_one(self, row: Dict, train_root: Path, skip_existing: bool) -> DownloadResult:
+        goods_name = row.get("goods_name", "未知类别")
+        image_url = row.get("image_url", "")
+        if not image_url:
+            return DownloadResult(False, goods_name, image_url, error_message="空图片URL")
+
+        target = self._build_file_path(train_root, row)
+        target_key = str(target)
+
+        with self._lock:
+            if target_key in self._seen_targets:
+                return DownloadResult(True, goods_name, image_url, saved_path=target_key)
+            self._seen_targets.add(target_key)
+
+        if skip_existing and target.exists():
+            return DownloadResult(True, goods_name, image_url, saved_path=str(target))
+
+        last_error = None
+        for _ in range(self.max_retries + 1):
+            try:
+                response = requests.get(image_url, timeout=self.timeout, stream=True)
+                response.raise_for_status()
+                with open(target, "wb") as f:
+                    for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
+                        if chunk:
+                            f.write(chunk)
+                return DownloadResult(True, goods_name, image_url, saved_path=str(target))
+            except Exception as e:
+                last_error = str(e)
+                time.sleep(0.3)
+
+        return DownloadResult(False, goods_name, image_url, error_message=last_error)
+
+    def download_batch(self, rows: List[Dict], train_root: Path, skip_existing: bool = True) -> Tuple[int, int, List[Dict]]:
+        success = 0
+        failed = 0
+        failures: List[Dict] = []
+
+        with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=self.workers) as executor:
+            futures = [executor.submit(self._download_one, row, train_root, skip_existing) for row in rows]
+            for future in as_completed(futures):
+                result = future.result()
+                if result.success:
+                    success += 1
+                else:
+                    failed += 1
+                    failures.append(
+                        {
+                            "goods_name": result.goods_name,
+                            "image_url": result.image_url,
+                            "error": result.error_message,
+                        }
+                    )
+
+        return success, failed, failures
+
+
+def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="按日期下载并自动分割70/15/15数据集")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--start-date", help="开始日期，格式 YYYY-MM-DD", default="2026-04-08")
+    parser.add_argument("--end-date", help="结束日期，格式 YYYY-MM-DD", default="2026-04-22")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--output-dir",
+        help="输出目录（每次手动指定）",
+        default=r"D:\MyProjects\PythonProjects\FoodClassifier\dataset\item\20260422",
+    )
+
+    parser.add_argument("--datasource", default="食材", choices=["菜品", "食材", "半加工"], help="数据源")
+    parser.add_argument("--page-size", type=int, default=500, help="分页大小，默认500")
+    parser.add_argument("--workers", type=int, default=8, help="下载并发数，默认8")
+    parser.add_argument("--timeout", type=int, default=30, help="下载超时时间(秒)")
+    parser.add_argument("--max-retries", type=int, default=2, help="下载失败重试次数")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--train-ratio", type=float, default=0.70, help="训练集比例")
+    parser.add_argument("--val-ratio", type=float, default=0.15, help="验证集比例")
+    parser.add_argument("--test-ratio", type=float, default=0.15, help="测试集比例")
+    parser.add_argument("--seed", type=int, default=42, help="随机种子")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--min-samples", type=int, default=10, help="最小样本阈值")
+    parser.add_argument("--mark-insufficient", action="store_true", help="是否标记样本不足类别")
+    parser.add_argument("--max-total", type=int, default=120, help="单类上限，默认120")
+
+    parser.add_argument("--skip-existing", action="store_true", help="已存在文件直接跳过")
+
+    return parser.parse_args()
+
+
+def parse_date(text: str) -> datetime:
+    return datetime.strptime(text, "%Y-%m-%d")
+
+
+def fetch_all_rows(
+    mysql: MySQLManager,
+    datasource: str,
+    start_date: datetime,
+    end_date: datetime,
+    page_size: int,
+) -> List[Dict]:
+    rows: List[Dict] = []
+    page = 1
+
+    while True:
+        page_data, total = mysql.query_images(
+            datasource=datasource,
+            start_date=start_date,
+            end_date=end_date,
+            goods_name=None,
+            equipment_code=None,
+            page=page,
+            page_size=page_size,
+        )
+
+        if not page_data:
+            break
+
+        rows.extend(page_data)
+        print(f"[Query] page={page}, fetched={len(page_data)}, accumulated={len(rows)}, total={total}")
+
+        if len(rows) >= total:
+            break
+
+        page += 1
+
+    return rows
+
+
+def save_json(path: Path, obj: Dict):
+    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(obj, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+
+def main():
+    args = parse_args()
+
+    start_date = parse_date(args.start_date)
+    end_date = parse_date(args.end_date)
+    if end_date < start_date:
+        raise ValueError("end_date 不能早于 start_date")
+
+    ratio_sum = args.train_ratio + args.val_ratio + args.test_ratio
+    if abs(ratio_sum - 1.0) > 1e-6:
+        raise ValueError(f"比例和必须为1.0，当前为 {ratio_sum}")
+
+    random.seed(args.seed)
+
+    output_dir = Path(args.output_dir).resolve()
+    train_dir = output_dir / "train"
+    val_dir = output_dir / "val"
+    test_dir = output_dir / "test"
+    logs_dir = output_dir / "logs"
+
+    train_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    val_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    test_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    logs_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    print("=" * 88)
+    print("数据集自动构建开始")
+    print(f"datasource={args.datasource}")
+    print(f"date_range=[{args.start_date}, {args.end_date}]")
+    print(f"output_dir={output_dir}")
+    print(f"ratio=train:{args.train_ratio}, val:{args.val_ratio}, test:{args.test_ratio}")
+    print("=" * 88)
+
+    mysql = MySQLManager()
+    rows = fetch_all_rows(mysql, args.datasource, start_date, end_date, args.page_size)
+    print(f"[Query] total rows fetched: {len(rows)}")
+
+    if not rows:
+        summary = {
+            "status": "empty",
+            "datasource": args.datasource,
+            "start_date": args.start_date,
+            "end_date": args.end_date,
+            "message": "查询结果为空，没有可下载数据",
+        }
+        save_json(logs_dir / "run_summary.json", summary)
+        print("没有数据，任务结束")
+        return
+
+    downloader = SimpleDownloader(
+        timeout=args.timeout,
+        max_retries=args.max_retries,
+        workers=args.workers,
+    )
+
+    success_count, failed_count, failures = downloader.download_batch(
+        rows=rows,
+        train_root=train_dir,
+        skip_existing=args.skip_existing,
+    )
+
+    print(f"[Download] success={success_count}, failed={failed_count}")
+
+    if failures:
+        save_json(logs_dir / "download_failures.json", {"failures": failures})
+
+    # 调用现有分割逻辑
+    split_dataset(
+        dataset_root=str(output_dir),
+        train_ratio=args.train_ratio,
+        val_ratio=args.val_ratio,
+        test_ratio=args.test_ratio,
+        min_samples_threshold=args.min_samples,
+        mark_insufficient=args.mark_insufficient,
+        max_total=args.max_total,
+        seed=args.seed,
+    )
+
+    summary = {
+        "status": "done",
+        "datasource": args.datasource,
+        "start_date": args.start_date,
+        "end_date": args.end_date,
+        "output_dir": str(output_dir),
+        "total_rows": len(rows),
+        "download_success": success_count,
+        "download_failed": failed_count,
+        "ratios": {
+            "train": args.train_ratio,
+            "val": args.val_ratio,
+            "test": args.test_ratio,
+        },
+        "seed": args.seed,
+        "page_size": args.page_size,
+        "workers": args.workers,
+        "skip_existing": args.skip_existing,
+    }
+    save_json(logs_dir / "run_summary.json", summary)
+
+    print("=" * 88)
+    print("数据集自动构建完成")
+    print(f"summary: {logs_dir / 'run_summary.json'}")
+    if failures:
+        print(f"failures: {logs_dir / 'download_failures.json'}")
+    print("=" * 88)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()