重构 HomeActivity：修复多项稳定性与架构问题

架构优化：
- 新增 HomeViewModel，将 companion object 中的共享状态（shelfItems、
  weightMap、selectedShelfIndex、temperatureC、humidity）迁移至 ViewModel，
  消除 Activity 重建时的状态残留与全局状态污染问题

协程修复：
- repeatOnLifecycle(CREATED) 改为 STARTED，确保 Flow 收集与 UI 可见性
  生命周期对齐，进入后台时自动停止订阅
- 串口数据接收改用 Channel<String> + 单一消费协程，替代多 launch 并发模式，
  彻底消除 StringBuilder（serialReader）的并发竞争问题

稳定性修复：
- 修复 tipDialog 从未赋值导致 Dialog 功能失效及 onDestroy 窗口泄漏问题
- 修复 weightHex.toInt() 十进制解析错误，改为 toIntOrNull(16) 并添加兜底
- 修复 updateOverdueState 按索引访问接口数据导致的越界风险，
  改为按 deviceNo 精确匹配，同时修正交叉排列导致的状态串位问题
- 废弃 API getSerializableExtra 替换为版本分支兼容写法（minSdk 25+）

依赖升级：
- androidx.core-ktx 1.10.1 → 1.12.0

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/src/main/java/com/shuwei/intelligent/shelves/activity/HomeActivity.kt

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.activity
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.graphics.Color
+import android.os.Build
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.os.Handler
 import android.os.Looper
 import android.util.Log
-import android.util.SparseIntArray
 import androidx.activity.viewModels
 import androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle
 import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.model.ShelfBody
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.model.ShelfModel
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.model.ShelfResult
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.model.WeightEvent
+import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.net.HomeViewModel
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.net.Loading
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.net.NetViewModel
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.net.RespData
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.utils.ext.toast
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.utils.ext.visible
 import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.utils.hexToBinary
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
+import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
 import org.greenrobot.eventbus.EventBus
 import org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe
@@ -97,16 +99,6 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
 
         const val TEMPERATURE_CTRL = "${HEADER}0F01040000${FOOTER}"
 
-        val list: MutableList<ShelfModel> = mutableListOf()
-        val weightArray = SparseIntArray()
-        var shelfIndex = 0
-
-        //        public fun getRealWeight():Double = weightArray[shelfIndex]?:0.0
-        // 温度
-        var showTemperatureC = "0"
-
-        // 湿度
-        var showHumidity = "0"
     }
 
     //401-false，1楼餐厅-true
@@ -115,6 +107,7 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
     private lateinit var binding: ActivityHomeBinding
 
     private val viewModel: NetViewModel by viewModels()
+    private val homeViewModel: HomeViewModel by viewModels()
 
     @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged", "HardwareIds")
     override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
@@ -128,23 +121,34 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
         updateLeftStatus("")
 
         initRecyclerView()
+
+        // 串口初始化：独立协程，仅执行一次
         lifecycleScope.launch {
             val openState = SerialPortManager.open()
             log("onCreate: openState=$openState")
             if (openState) {
+                // 串口回调在 IO 线程，通过 Channel 无锁传递数据，不再嵌套 launch
                 SerialPortManager.startReceive { data ->
-                    // 更新UI显示接收数据
+                    serialDataChannel.trySend(data)
-                    lifecycleScope.launch {
-                        try {
-                            receiveSerialPortData(data)
-                        } catch (e: Exception) {
-                            e.printStackTrace()
-                        }
-                    }
                 }
                 //SerialPortManager.send(DEVICE_INFO_CMD)
             }
-            repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.CREATED) {
+        }
+
+        // 串口数据消费：单一协程串行处理，serialReader 访问不存在并发竞争
+        lifecycleScope.launch {
+            for (data in serialDataChannel) {
+                try {
+                    receiveSerialPortData(data)
+                } catch (e: Exception) {
+                    e.printStackTrace()
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ViewModel 状态观察：STARTED 状态下收集，onStop 时自动取消，onStart 时恢复
+        lifecycleScope.launch {
+            repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
                 launch {
                     viewModel.getAccessTokenUiState.collect { state ->
                         when (state) {
@@ -202,16 +206,16 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
     }
 
     private fun loadTestData() {
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 1, goodsName = "鸡蛋", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 1, goodsName = "鸡蛋", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 6, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 6, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 2, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 2, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 7, goodsName = "生姜", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 7, goodsName = "生姜", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 3, goodsName = "黄瓜", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 3, goodsName = "黄瓜", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 8, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 8, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 4, goodsName = "梨", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 4, goodsName = "梨", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 9, goodsName = "梨", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 9, goodsName = "梨", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 5, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 5, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
-        list.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 10, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(ShelfModel(deviceNo = 10, goodsName = "", deviceId = App.deviceId))
         shelfAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
     }
 
@@ -251,12 +255,12 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
 //            toast("数据错误")
 //            return
 //        }
-        list.clear()
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.clear()
         val subList01 = tempList.subList(0, tempList.size / 2)
         val subList02 = tempList.subList(tempList.size / 2, tempList.size)
         repeat(tempList.size / 2) { index ->
-            list.add(subList01[index].also { it.deviceId = App.deviceId })
+            homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(subList01[index].also { it.deviceId = App.deviceId })
-            list.add(subList02[index].also { it.deviceId = App.deviceId })
+            homeViewModel.shelfItems.add(subList02[index].also { it.deviceId = App.deviceId })
         }
         shelfAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
     }
@@ -277,7 +281,18 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
      */
     private var terminalVersion: String = ""
 
-    private val serialReader by lazy { StringBuilder() }
+    /**
+     * 串口数据接收通道，无界缓冲。
+     * IO 线程（串口回调）通过 trySend 写入，单一消费协程串行读取，
+     * 确保 serialReader 始终在同一协程中访问，规避并发竞争。
+     */
+    private val serialDataChannel = Channel<String>(Channel.UNLIMITED)
+
+    /**
+     * 串口数据拼包缓冲器。
+     * 仅由 serialDataChannel 的单一消费协程访问，线程安全。
+     */
+    private val serialReader = StringBuilder()
 
     private fun receiveSerialPortData(srcData: String) {
         log("receiveSerialPortData: $srcData")
@@ -414,7 +429,7 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
                 //D6DADEDB1001015D020000000027001E00020000001E001C00B40000000000010000000100040000001900440003000F00000000000FFFE6000200010002FFD80044000300010005001E0001FFD80056001400280000000000000000008300090000003C00D2000000000000007F003700000000A100000031323136334238423134303233303456322E313100FFFF
                 runOnUiThread {
                     if (tipDialog == null) {
-                        CommonDialog(this).apply {
+                        tipDialog = CommonDialog(this).apply {
                             dialogTitle = "温馨提示"
 //                           dialogContent = logMsg
                             confirmBlock = {
@@ -513,21 +528,21 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
             var realWeight = 0
             var firstByteBinary = hexToBinary(weightHex.substring(0, 2))
             if (firstByteBinary.startsWith("0")) {
-                //正数
+                //正数：按十六进制解析，失败时兜底为 0
-                realWeight = weightHex.toInt()
+                realWeight = weightHex.toIntOrNull(16) ?: 0
             } else {
-                //负数
+                //负数：清除符号位后取绝对值，再取反
                 firstByteBinary = "0${firstByteBinary.substring(1)}"
                 val firstByteHex = binaryToHex(firstByteBinary)
                 weightHex = firstByteHex + weightHex.substring(2)
-                realWeight = -1 * weightHex.toInt()
+                realWeight = -1 * (weightHex.toIntOrNull(16) ?: 0)
             }
-            weightArray.put(index, realWeight)
+            homeViewModel.putWeight(index, realWeight)
 
-            if (index in 1..10 && list.size == 10) {
+            if (index in 1..10 && homeViewModel.shelfItems.size == 10) {
-                list.firstOrNull { it.deviceNo == index }?.let {
+                homeViewModel.shelfItems.firstOrNull { it.deviceNo == index }?.let {
                     it.weight = realWeight.toDouble()
-                    val pos = list.indexOf(it)
+                    val pos = homeViewModel.shelfItems.indexOf(it)
                     shelfAdapter.notifyItemChanged(pos)
                     log("getWeightInfo: deviceNo=${it.deviceNo},realWeight=${realWeight}")
                     EventBus.getDefault().post(SendWeightEvent(it.deviceNo, realWeight))
@@ -608,35 +623,44 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
 //        TaskManager.cancelTask()
         saveTaskJob?.cancel()
         overdueTaskJob?.cancel()
+        // 关闭 Channel，消费协程的 for 循环将随之结束
+        serialDataChannel.close()
+        // 销毁前关闭 Dialog，防止 Activity 已销毁时窗口仍附着导致泄漏
+        tipDialog?.dismiss()
+        tipDialog = null
         EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this)
         super.onDestroy()
     }
 
-    @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
     private val shelfAdapter by lazy {
-        ShelfAdapter(list).apply {
+        ShelfAdapter(homeViewModel.shelfItems).apply {
             setOnItemClickListener { _, _, position ->
-                shelfIndex = position
+                homeViewModel.selectedShelfIndex = position
                 lifecycleScope.launch {
                     if (isNeedOpenLock) {
-                        val openCmd = if (list[position].deviceNo in 1..5)
+                        val openCmd = if (homeViewModel.shelfItems[position].deviceNo in 1..5)
                             LEFT_SHELF_OPEN_CMD
                         else
                             RIGHT_SHELF_OPEN_CMD
                         val openState = SerialPortManager.send(openCmd)
                     }
 //                    if (openState.not()) {
-//                        toast("${list[position].goodsName}柜门开启失败")
+//                        toast("${homeViewModel.shelfItems[position].goodsName}柜门开启失败")
 //                        return@launch
 //                    }
                     //SerialPortManager.send(START_CMD)
                     launch(Intent(this@HomeActivity, ShelfActivity::class.java).also {
-                        it.putExtra(ShelfActivity.SHELF_MODEL, list[position])
+                        it.putExtra(ShelfActivity.SHELF_MODEL, homeViewModel.shelfItems[position])
                     }) {
                         it?.run {
-                            val model =
+                            // API 33 起支持带类型参数的重载，低版本回退旧 API + as? 安全转换
-                                getSerializableExtra(ShelfActivity.SHELF_MODEL) as ShelfModel
+                            val model = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
-                            list[position].apply {
+                                getSerializableExtra(ShelfActivity.SHELF_MODEL, ShelfModel::class.java)
+                            } else {
+                                @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+                                getSerializableExtra(ShelfActivity.SHELF_MODEL) as? ShelfModel
+                            } ?: return@run
+                            homeViewModel.shelfItems[position].apply {
                                 goodsId = model.goodsId
                                 goodsName = model.goodsName
                                 weight = model.weight
@@ -648,12 +672,12 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
 
                             try {
 
-                                val submitList = list.sortedBy { item -> item.deviceNo }
+                                val submitList = homeViewModel.shelfItems.sortedBy { item -> item.deviceNo }
                                 val body = ShelfBody().also { body ->
                                     body.deviceId = App.deviceId ?: ""
                                     body.canteenId = App.canteenId
-                                    body.temperature = showTemperatureC
+                                    body.temperature = homeViewModel.temperatureC
-                                    body.humidity = showHumidity
+                                    body.humidity = homeViewModel.humidity
                                     body.goodsList = submitList
                                 }
                                 Log.d("mzf", "performSync: body:${body.toJsonString()}")
@@ -714,7 +738,7 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
 
     @SuppressLint("NotifyDataSetChanged")
     private fun loadEmptyView() {
-        list.clear()
+        homeViewModel.shelfItems.clear()
         shelfAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged()
 
         binding.include?.let {
@@ -735,7 +759,7 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
 
     @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
     public fun clearEmptyShelf(event: ClearShelfEvent) {
-        val item = list.firstOrNull { it.deviceNo == event.shelfNo }
+        val item = homeViewModel.shelfItems.firstOrNull { it.deviceNo == event.shelfNo }
         item?.apply {
             goodsId = ""
             goodsName = null
@@ -744,7 +768,7 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
             createTime = null
             overdueDay = null
         }
-        shelfAdapter.notifyItemChanged(list.indexOf(item))
+        shelfAdapter.notifyItemChanged(homeViewModel.shelfItems.indexOf(item))
     }
 
     private val taskExecutor by lazy { IntervalExecutor() }
@@ -773,10 +797,14 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
     private fun updateOverdueState() {
         viewModel.updateOverdueState { state, items ->
             if (items.isNullOrEmpty()) return@updateOverdueState
-            list.forEachIndexed { index, model ->
+            homeViewModel.shelfItems.forEachIndexed { index, model ->
-                //接口过期状态变化后更新状态
+                // 按 deviceNo 精确匹配接口数据，避免：
-                if (items[index].overdue != model.overdue) {
+                // 1. 两端列表大小不一致时的 IndexOutOfBoundsException
-                    model.overdue = items[index].overdue
+                // 2. 本地列表交叉排列与接口顺序不一致导致的状态串位
+                val serverModel = items.find { it.deviceNo == model.deviceNo }
+                    ?: return@forEachIndexed
+                if (serverModel.overdue != model.overdue) {
+                    model.overdue = serverModel.overdue
                     shelfAdapter.notifyItemChanged(index)
                     log("更新编号为${model.deviceNo}物品:${model.goodsName}的过期状态:${model.overdue}")
                 }
@@ -785,22 +813,18 @@ class HomeActivity : BaseActivity() {
     }
 
     private fun saveShelfGoodsList() {
-        log("performSync: list:${list.toJsonString()}")
+        log("performSync: list:${homeViewModel.shelfItems.toJsonString()}")
-        val submitList = list.sortedBy { it.deviceNo }
+        val submitList = homeViewModel.shelfItems.sortedBy { it.deviceNo }
         submitList.forEach {
             if (it.goodsId.isNullOrBlank()) {
                 it.weight = it.weightBak
             }
         }
-//            submitList.forEach {
-//                it.temperature = HomeActivity.showTemperatureC
-//                it.humidity = HomeActivity.showHumidity
-//            }
         val body = ShelfBody().also {
             it.deviceId = App.deviceId
             it.canteenId = App.canteenId
-            it.temperature = showTemperatureC
+            it.temperature = homeViewModel.temperatureC
-            it.humidity = showHumidity
+            it.humidity = homeViewModel.humidity
             it.goodsList = submitList
         }
         log("performSync: body:${body.toJsonString()}")

app/src/main/java/com/shuwei/intelligent/shelves/net/HomeViewModel.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.net
+
+import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel
+import com.shuwei.intelligent.shelves.model.ShelfModel
+
+/**
+ * HomeActivity 专用 ViewModel。
+ *
+ * 职责：管理原本散落在 HomeActivity.companion object 中的 UI 状态数据，
+ * 避免静态共享状态导致的生命周期污染与状态残留问题。
+ *
+ * 包含：货架列表、重量数据、选中索引、温湿度。
+ */
+class HomeViewModel : ViewModel() {
+
+    /**
+     * 货架列表。
+     * Adapter 持有同一个列表引用，修改后需调用 notifyDataSetChanged / notifyItemChanged 触发刷新。
+     */
+    val shelfItems: MutableList<ShelfModel> = mutableListOf()
+
+    /**
+     * 重量数据缓存。
+     * key：deviceNo（货架编号），value：重量（克）。
+     * 替代原 SparseIntArray，使用更符合 Kotlin 习惯的 MutableMap。
+     */
+    private val weightMap: MutableMap<Int, Int> = mutableMapOf()
+
+    /**
+     * 当前选中货架的列表索引（点击 item 时更新）。
+     */
+    var selectedShelfIndex: Int = 0
+
+    /**
+     * 当前摄氏温度，由串口心跳数据更新，字符串格式（如 "24.5"）。
+     */
+    var temperatureC: String = "0"
+
+    /**
+     * 当前湿度，由串口心跳数据更新，字符串格式（如 "60"）。
+     */
+    var humidity: String = "0"
+
+    /**
+     * 更新指定货架编号的重量。
+     * @param deviceNo 货架编号
+     * @param weight   重量（克）
+     */
+    fun putWeight(deviceNo: Int, weight: Int) {
+        weightMap[deviceNo] = weight
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取指定货架编号的重量。
+     * @param deviceNo 货架编号
+     * @return 重量（克），若无记录返回 0
+     */
+    fun getWeight(deviceNo: Int): Int = weightMap[deviceNo] ?: 0
+}

gradle/libs.versions.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #agp = "8.11.1"
 agp = "8.4.0"
 kotlin = "2.0.21"
-coreKtx = "1.10.1"
+coreKtx = "1.12.0"
 junit = "4.13.2"
 junitVersion = "1.1.5"
 espressoCore = "3.5.1"